单旋翼油动无人机与圆形果园风送喷雾机作业性能对比试验研究

A comparative study on the performance of single-rotor oil-propelled UAV and circular air-fed orchard sprayer

关键词:  单旋翼油动无人机  风送果园喷雾机  雾滴沉积覆盖率  雾滴分布均匀性

Key words:  single-rotor oil-powered UAV  air-driven orchard sprayer  droplet deposition density  droplet deposition coverage

摘要:

为验证单旋翼油动无人机在丘陵山地果园的喷雾效果，将单旋翼油动无人机与圆形果园风送喷雾机在矮砧密植苹果园进行喷雾性能对比试验，结果表明:单旋翼油动无人机喷雾作业的果树上中下层雾滴沉积覆盖率分别为0.66%~21.98%、1.20%~16.17%、0.38%~3.96%，雾滴平均体积中值直径大小顺序依次为上层>中层>下层；圆形果园风送喷雾机喷雾作业的果树上中下层雾滴沉积覆盖率分别为5.68%~24.94%、2.64%~34.61%、3.15%~21.78%，雾滴平均体积中值直径大小顺序依次为下层>中层>上层；单旋翼油动无人机喷洒的雾滴在果树中上层的沉积效果显著，圆形果园风送喷雾机则为中下层效果显著。排除机具故障等不确定因素影响，无人机作业的工作效能与节水省药性能优于喷雾机；在果园生产抢农时和病虫害应急处理中，无人机表现出较好的实用性能。

Abstract:

In order to verify the spray effect of the single-rotor oil-powered UAV in the hilly mountain orchard, the spray performance comparison tests of the single-rotor oil-powered UAV and the round orchard wind-driven sprayer on the low-root densely planted apple orchard were conducted. The results showed that: For single-rotor, the coverage of fog droplet deposition on the upper and lower layers of fruit trees for oil-driven UAV spray operations were 0. 66%-21. 98%, 1. 20%-16. 17% and 0. 38%-3. 96%, respectively. The average order of the average diameter of the droplet size was the upper layer>Middle layer>Lower layer; The coverages of the droplet deposition on the upper and lower layers of the fruit trees in the round orchard wind sprayer were respectively 5. 68%-24. 94%, 2. 64%-34. 61% and 3. 15%-21. 78%. The average diameter of the average volume of the droplets in descending order was lower layer>middle layer>upper layer; The droplets sprayed by the single-rotor oil-powered UAV displayed a significant deposition effect on the upper and middle layers of fruit trees, and the round orchard wind-driven sprayer was the middle and lower layer. In conclusion, eliminating the influence of uncertain factors such as machine malfunctions, the working efficiency and water-saving and medicine-saving performance of the UAV is better than that of the sprayer; and the UAV shows good practical performance in the orchard production and farming and emergency treatment of diseases and insect pests.