设施生菜种植与T1菌肥处理对土壤微生物群落的影响

高逸; 杨悦; 易欣欣; 石延霞; 钟连全; 徐全明; 胡灿丽; 高秀芝

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设施生菜种植与T1菌肥处理对土壤微生物群落的影响
高逸¹,杨悦¹,易欣欣¹,石延霞²,钟连全³,徐全明³,胡灿丽³,高秀芝^1*
1.北京农学院食品质量安全北京实验室/农产品有害微生物及农残安全检测与控制北京市重点实验室/微生态制剂关键技术开发北京市工程实验室/食品科学与工程学院, 北京 102206;2.中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 北京 100081;3.北京市昌平区种子管理站, 102200

摘要:

为研究生菜的种植(种菜)与混合菌肥T1对设施生菜生长土壤中微生物结构影响，设计菌肥(T1)处理与空白对照处理，利用 16S rRNA 基因与ITS基因高通量测序解析生菜生长土壤中微生物的物种组成和结构，同时测定生菜产量及病株率。结果表明:1)种菜可以显著提高土壤中细菌与真菌 Shannon指数，而T1处理不明显改变土壤中Shannon与Sobs指数。2)T1处理降低由种菜提高的假霉样真菌属、烟草镰刀菌属、丝孢菌属与赤霉菌属在土壤中丰度，同时提高毛壳菌属、支顶孢菌属、粪壳菌目Sordariales中未分类属、鞘脂单胞菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)中未分类属、火丝菌科(Pyronemataceae)中未分类属与拟盐杆菌科(Halobacteroidaceae)中未分类属在土壤中丰度。3)种菜对土壤中细菌真菌OTU总量改变不明显，但T1处理可以明显改变土壤中真菌OTU总数。4)T1处理后生菜产量增加11%，生菜病株率降低2.5%(P<0.05)。因此，设施生菜种植时用T1菌肥处理，在不明显改变土壤微生物生物多样性情况下，能够富集部分有益菌属，改善土壤微生物结构，提高生菜产量，降低生菜病株率。

关键词: 微生物群落结构生菜菌肥高通量测序

DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2020.06.07

分类号:

基金项目:北京市叶类蔬菜产业创新团队(BAIC07-2019)

Effects of greenhouse lettuce planting and T1 bacterial fertilizer treatment on soil microbial community

GAO Yi¹,YANG Yue¹,YI Xinxin¹,SHI Yanxia²,ZHONG Lianquan³,XU Quanming³,HU Canli³,GAO Xiuzhi^1*

1.Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control ofSpoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue/Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Probiotics Key Technology Development/Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China;2.Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;3.Beijing Changping District Seed Management Station, Beijing 102200, China

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of planting lettuce and bacterial fertilizer T1 on the microbial structure of soil for growing lettuce in greenhouse, the irrigated root treatment(T1)and blank control treatment were designed. The species composition and structure of lettuce soil microorganisms were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS gene, and lettuce yield and morbidity were determined. The result showed that: 1)Lettuce planting can significantly increase Shannon index of bacteria and fungi in CK soil. T1 treatment did not obviously change Shannon and Sobs indices in soil. 2)Lettuce planting increased the abundance of Monographella and reduced the abundance of Bacillus in the soil. After the T1 treatment, the abundance of Pseudomonas, Monographella, Scedosporium and Gibberella in the soil reduced, and the abundance of Chaetomium, Acremonium Pyronemataceae, Sordariales(unclassified), and Sphingomonadaceae(unclassified), Halobacteroidace(no rank)increased. 3)Lettuce planting did not obviously change the number of OTU of bacterial and fungi in the soil, but T1 treatment significantly changed the number of OTU of fungal in the soil. 4)After the T1 treatment, the yield of lettuce increased by 11%, and the morbidity of lettuce decreased by 2. 5%(P<0. 05). The lettuce planting with T1 bacterial fertilizer for root irrigation enriched some beneficial microorganisms, improved soil microbial structure, promoted lettuce growth, increased lettuce yield, and reduced the morbidity of lettuce without changing the soil microbial diversity.

Key words: microbial community structure lettuce bacterial fertilizer high-throughput sequencing

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