| 摘要: |
| 为筛选黄淮海地区全株青贮玉米适栽品种，以16个玉米品种为试材，测定分析各品种农艺性状、生物产量、全株青贮养分含量和发酵品质等指标，并采用灰色关联度法进行综合评价。结果表明，除倒伏率外，参试品种间株高、叶片总数、绿叶数、黄叶数、穗位高、茎粗、植株各部分占比等农艺性状差异均显著(P<0.05)。玉米全株产量与叶、茎比重均呈显著正相关(P<0.05)；淀粉含量与籽粒比重呈显著正相关(P<0.05)；中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)与株高和叶片数均极显著正相关(P<0.01)，且与籽粒比重均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。‘大京九26’、‘京九青贮16’、‘京科青贮932’和‘雅玉8号’等青贮专用玉米品种植株比较高大，叶、茎比重高，较粮饲兼用玉米品种具有明显的产量优势，而粮饲兼用玉米品种‘登海605’等籽粒比重大、淀粉含量高，纤维含量低，较青贮专用玉米品种营养价值高。各参试品种均能调制成优质全株青贮饲料，差异主要表现在淀粉、乙酸含量及氨态氮与总氮比值。全株干产量、籽粒产量、养分含量和发酵品质的综合评价结果表明，‘登海605’、‘德单5号’、‘郑单958’、‘ 先玉045’、‘YF3240’和‘农大372’的关联度值较高，适宜作为全株青贮玉米品种在黄淮海地区推广种植。 |
| 关键词: 青贮玉米 产量 农艺性状 营养价值 青贮品质 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2023.03.02 |
| 投稿时间：2022-05-16 |
| 基金项目:国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34)；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM001)；山东省驴产业创新团队(SDAIT-27)；山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2021A06和GXGC2022A22) |
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| Comprehensive evaluation of whole-plant yield and silage quality of 16 maize varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai area |
|
ZHANG Jinhong1,WU Bo1,BAI Shanshan2,WANG Guoliang1,JIANG Huixin2*
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| (1.Institute of Leisure Agriculture/East China Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2.Shandong Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station, Jinan 250102, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To select silage maize varieties suitable for cultivation in the Huang-Huai-Hai area, the agronomic traits, biological yield, nutritive value and fermentation quality of whole-plant maize silage of 16 maize varieties were measured and comprehensive evaluation was conducted by using grey relational analysis. The results showed that: There were significant differences in the plant height, leaf numbers, number of green leaves, number of yellow leaves, ear height, stem diameter and proportion of plant parts(P<0. 05). The whole-plant yield was significantly and positively correlated with the ratio of leaf and ratio of stem(P<0. 05). There was a significantly positive correlation between starch content and ratio of grain(P<0. 05), but significantly negative correlations between neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and ratio of grain(P<0. 01). Compared with the grain and forage maize varieties, the silage maize varieties including ‘Dajingjiu 26', ‘Jingjiu silage 16', ‘Jingke silage 932'and‘Yayu No. 8'had the yield advantages because of their taller plant height and higher proportions of leaf and stem. However, the grain and forage maize varieties, such as ‘Denghai 605', contained higher nutritive value including higher starch content and lower fiber content due to higher proportion of grain. All varieties performed excellent silage quality and the differences were mainly shown in the contents of starch, acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen. Considering the dry matter yield, grain yield, nutrient content and fermentation quality, ‘Denghai 605', ‘Dedan No. 5', ‘Zhengdan 958', ‘Xianyu 045', ‘YF 3240'and ‘Nongda 372'displayed high correlation degree and were suitable to be popularized as whole plant silage corn varieties in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. |
| Key words: silage maize yield agronomic traits nutritive value silage quality |
