| 摘要: |
| 为研究畜禽粪便资源量及理化性质的研究方法的行业标准，已有研究对中国畜禽粪便产量的估算存在很大的差异，本研究首先通过对1995年以来的相关文献进行述评，明确畜禽粪便的定义及其计算相关系数的定义，明确年出栏量、年末存栏量和常年存栏量的具体选择，确定了畜禽养殖规模化系数的应用指标，总结并改进了畜禽粪便资源量的计算方法，在公式中强调了含水率的因素，加入了规模化系数。其次，提出了以猪、肉牛和羊的种群结构比例为依据估算常年存栏量的方法，对相关系数进行取值，避免肉牛重复出栏的问题。再次，讨论了近年来关于中国畜禽粪便资源量的已有研究结果的可靠性，认为耿维等对2010年中国各种畜禽粪便的鲜重产量（总量22.28亿t）的可靠性高，规模化养殖场畜禽粪便量以田宜水的2009年鲜重结果（总量8.37亿t）可靠性高，若以干重计则以贾伟报导的2009年畜禽粪便产量（总量6.23亿t）可靠性高。最后，提出应在正确的定义的基础上，全面研究中国畜禽粪便资源量、空间分布及发展趋势。 |
| 关键词: 生物质 畜禽粪便产量 养殖污染 排泄系数 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.04.10 |
| 投稿时间：2017-05-08 |
| 基金项目:中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目（2014083） |
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| An overview of researches on livestock and poultry excreta resource in China |
|
XIE Guanghui1,2, BAO Weiqing1,2, LIU Jijun3, AN Jie3
|
| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.National Energy R & D Center for Non-Food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3.College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Assessment of livestock and poultry excreta (LPE) resource is of great significance for environmental pollution control and organic waste recycle.Earlier researchers reported an excessively wide range of LPE produced in China and failed to reach unanimous conclusion.Current staus and research progress on LPE were summerized based on literatures published since 1995.Firstly,the LPE definition and its calculation parameters were clarified.Secondly,how to choose a correct quantity parameter from slaughter quantity,year-end live hogs quantity,and annual inventory quantity in the related stastical yearbook for various types of animal husbandry was discussed for LPE resource calculation.Thirdly,LPE resource calculation equitions were analysed and improved to take the factor of commercial scale husbandry coefficient and moisture into the consideration.Commercial scale husbandry coefficient values for all livestock and poultry were also decided.Forthly,in order to avoid the problem of repeated statistic data of slaughter quantity for pig,beef cattle and sheep,the annual inventory quantity was discussed and its calculation equition was establised based on the proportion of breeding population.Fifthly,reliability of data of LPE produced in China reported by previous researchers was analysed.It is suggested that the fresh LPE weight from individual and commercial scale husbandry (2.228 billion metric tons) in 2010 by Geng Wei et al.,the amount of fresh LPE from commercial scale husbandry (837 million metric tons) in 2009 by Tian Yishui and the dry weight LPE from individual and commercial scale husbandry (623 million metric tons) in 2009 by Jia Wei exhibited relatively higher reliability.Lastly,it was proposed that LPE potential resource,spatial distribution and development trend should be further assessed according to the improved definition and equitions in this study,and related industrial standardand physical and chemical properties should be studied in future. |
| Key words: biomass animal waste production livestock and poultry excreta excretive coefficient |
