| 摘要: |
| 对2003—2015年7月各省市区发布的122份秸秆资源管理政策文件进行综合述评。各省市发布的秸秆管理政策文件数与秸秆产量有关，但并非是正相关关系。对秸秆禁烧管理的政策文件约占省市区所有秸秆政策文件的41%，制订了对责任人和单位严厉的财政处罚措施。为减少焚烧、促进资源循环利用，天津、河北、黑龙江、上海、江西、山东、广东和江苏等地陆续出台了秸秆利用总体规划和相关实施方案；各省市区根据其具体条件，制订了促进秸秆还田、饲料化、发电及生产沼气等多项综合利用鼓励政策；天津、河北、吉林、上海、安徽、河南、重庆和四川对重点推广秸秆利用技术给予较高的财政补贴，不但引导了农民自行开展秸秆综合利用，而且促进了秸秆利用产业化发展。本研究认为，秸秆禁烧的关键不在"禁"，而在"用"，建议各省市区制订因地制宜的秸秆综合利用规划，总结当前政策实施现状和存在问题，制订更合理而有效的管理政策，促进研发和推广适宜的秸秆综合利用技术。 |
| 关键词: 秸秆 生物质 能源 沼气 饲料 政策 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2017.11.01 |
| 投稿时间：2016-03-03 |
| 基金项目:国家能源局能源节约和科技装备司项目（科技司函[2012]32号）；中国大唐集团新能源股份有限公司资助。 |
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| Review on the development of crop residue management policies in provincial regions in China |
|
CHEN Chaoling1,2, YANG Yang1,2, HU Lin3,2, XIE Guanghui1,2
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| (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2.National Energy R&D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;3.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| Local crop residue management policy plays an important role on promoting its comprehensive utilization,reducing the abandoning and burning of residue and protecting environment.In this paper,According to the related literatures searched in this study,a total of 122 provincial policy documents on crop residue management released from 2003 to 2015.The number of published policy documents is correlated with the production of crop residue,but not positive correlation relationship.On one hand,although crop residue policy documents exhibited large variation between provincial governments,all local governments have paid more attention to the residue management.The policy documents accounted for 41% of all the residue files on prohibiting residue burning in field are enacted strict financial penalties to the responsible person.On the other hand,in order to reduce the burning of residue,and promote resource recycling utilization,the local government of Tianjin,Hebei,Heilongjiang,Shanghai,Jiangxi,Shandong,Guangdong,Jiangsu etc.released the residue utilization planning and related solution separately.A variety of policies to encourage comprehensive utilization of residue such as returning to field,making power and biogas,and producing animal feed were implemented.The high subsidies are offered to promote residue utilization technologies in Tianjin,Hebei,Jilin,Shanghai,Anhui,Henan,Chongqing,and Sichuan province.In this way,crop residue is not only used by farmers consciously,but also promotes industrialization development of residue.The key point in eliminating residue burning is not in "banning" but in "finding the new way of utilization".The local governments need to summary the present problems,and then establish the rational and effective management policy for comprehensive utilization of residue according to the local conditions,in order to promote appropriate residue utilization technology. |
| Key words: residue biomass bioenergy biogas feed policy |
