| 摘要: |
| 以鸡粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥原料, 在C/N 为25与含水率为60%的条件下采用静态好氧堆肥工艺, 研究了不添加烟草废弃物(CK)和在初始期(A)、高温期(B)、一次发酵完成(C)和陈化腐熟后(D)添加1.5%(干重质量比)烟草废弃物对堆体发酵温度、总碳(TC)、发芽率指数(GI)和根结线虫校正死亡率的影响。结果表明:添加烟草废弃物会降低堆肥发酵过程的温度, 影响微生物对有机物料的分解, 不利于堆肥物料的快速腐熟。CK处理的GI值在19 d时已超过腐熟度标准80%的要求, 而添加烟草的处理A、B和C的GI值在19 d时仍低于80%;在处理45 d时处理CK、A、B、C和D的GI值分别为102.6%、95.6%、85.8%、83.4%和70.4%;这表明烟草废弃物对植物生长具有一定的抑制作用。烟草废弃物和处理C与D堆肥产品浸出液的线虫校正致死率都达到了100%;而处理CK、A和B堆肥产品浸出液的线虫校正致死率依次为44.4%、28.2%和70.0%;这表明烟草废弃物经过发酵的时间越长, 对线虫的抑制效果就越差;在堆肥一次发酵完成后添加烟草废弃物, 不但可避免其对堆肥进程和植物生长的不利影响, 而且经过陈化腐熟后仍能保持对根结线虫的抑制作用。 |
| 关键词: 烟草废弃物 堆肥腐熟度 根结线虫 抑线作用 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2014.06.14 |
| 投稿时间：2014-01-26 |
| 基金项目:"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B01);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303079) |
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| Effect of tobacco waste addition on maturity and nematodes suppression during composting |
|
CHEN Fei, DU Long-long, CHANG Rui-xue, LI Yan-ming, KANG Pyong-ung
|
| (College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| This study was concerned the effects of five different compost mixtures on pile temperature, total carbon (TOC), germination index (GI) and nematodes corrected mortality (NCM).The initial C/N ratios and moisture contents for all treatments were 25 and 60% respectively, during static aerobic composting with chicken manure and wheat straw.The treatments included no tobacco waste (CK), 1.5% tobacco waste (dry weight ratio) added at the initial stage (A), high temperature stage (B), first compost finished stage (C) and end of compost stage (D).The results showed that adding tobacco waste reduced the pile temperature, restrained the decomposition of the organic material for microorganism, and was not conducive to compost material decomposed rapidly.After 19 days, GI of treatment CK was more than 80% of the standard of compost maturity, while GI values of treatment A, B and C were lower than 80%.After 45 days, GI values of treatment CK, A, B, C and D were 102.6%, 95.6%, 85.8%, 83.4% and 70.4% respectively.The tobacco waste showed certain inhibitory effect on plant growth.The mixture extraction of treatment C and D after 45 day, similar with tobacco waste, caused 100% mortalities of nematodes, while NCMs of mixture extraction of treatment CK, A and B were 44.4%、28.2% and 70.0%.The nematodes suppression effect decreased with composting days.Adding tobacco waste at the first compost finished stage could not only reduce the adverse effect on composting process and plant growth, but also maintained the preferable suppression effecting for root-knot nematode. |
| Key words: tobacco waste compost maturity nematodes nematodes suppression |
