马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收联合机的改进设计与试验

The improved design and experiment of combined operation machine for potato harvesting and plastic film collecting

关键词:  马铃薯  挖掘  地膜  Solidworks Simulation  试验

Key words:  potato  digging  plastic film  Solidworks Simulation  experiment

摘要:

为了解决马铃薯收获后的地膜回收问题，设计了一种集马铃薯挖掘与残膜回收为一体的联合作业机。马铃薯挖掘部分采用成熟机型4U-83型马铃薯收获机，残膜回收部分采用送膜装置和滚筒式收膜与卸膜装置。通过计算确定了土薯分离装置及集膜装置的各关键参数，并确定了压膜轮、集膜装置与卸膜装置的具体安装位置。借助Solidworks Simulation软件对卷膜辊进行有限元分析，确定了该卷膜辊设计的可行性，为后续开发更适合的卷膜辊提供了理论依据。田间试验表明：该机具掘薯、输运顺畅，土薯分离效果明显，残膜能被卷膜辊连续的卷起，卸膜方便可靠，明薯率为97.2%，伤薯率为3.7%，损失率为4.2%，残 膜回收率为90.1%，达到了马铃薯机械化收获与残膜回收的相关技术规范设计要求。

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of collecting the residue of plastic film after potato harvesting, a combined machine was developed to dig potato and collect the residue of plastic film simultaneously. Based on the 4U-83 potato harvester, a film feeding device was designed to strip the residue of plastic film and a cylinder device to collect and unload the residue of plastic film.The key parameters were calculated and determined for both of the devices, and the location of the film pressing wheel was determined, as well as film collecting device and film unloading device. The finite element analysis was carried out on the curl-up film roller, with the aid of Simulation Solidworks software, the feasibility of the design of the curl-up film roller was determined, which provides a theoretical basis for the further development of the curl-up film roller. The filed experiment has showed that: when this machine was operated, digging potato, smoothly transport, the separation effect of soil and potato was obvious, the plastic film can be rolled up continuously by the roll film tube and reliably unloaded in convenient, the potato distinct rate was 97.2%, the damage rate was 3.7%, the loss rate was 4.2%, the recovery rate of the residual film was 90.1%, has reached the relative technical requirements for the potato machinery harvest and the recovery of the plastic film.