人口城镇化对农民收入结构的影响效应——基于中国省级面板的实证分析

Effect of population urbanization on the income structure of farmers: An empirical analysis based on Chinese provincial panels

关键词:  人口城镇化  新型城镇化  农民增收  收入结构  城乡流动

Key words:  population urbanization  new urbanization  farmers’ income increase  income structure  urban-rural mobility

摘要:

为了解人口城镇化对农民收入结构的影响效应，基于2002—2020年省级面板数据，采用2SLS回归模型，着重探讨了中国人口城镇化对农村居民收入的作用，并对比分析不同区域的影响差异。结果表明：1）人口城镇化能够显著提升农村居民收入并缩小城乡收入差距。2）人口城镇化主要提高了农民的工资和财产收入比重，但对经营和转移收入比重有降低作用。3）人口城镇化对农民收入结构的影响存在区域差异，东部地区与全国情况较为一致；中部地区主要表现出对经营收入比重的降低作用；西部地区的作用特征则与东、中部地区均有差异。本研究为中国人口城镇化快速发展背景下，如何推动农民收入增加提供重要政策启示。

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of population urbanization on the income structure of farmers， based on the provincial panel data from 2002 to 2020， this study uses the 2SLS regression model to explore the effect of China’s population urbanization on farmers’ income increase and income structure. The differences in the impact of different regions are compared and analyzed. The results show that： 1） Population urbanization can significantly increase the income of rural residents and narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents. 2） Population urbanization mainly increases the proportion of farmers’ wages and property income， but reduces the proportion of business and transfer income. 3） There are regional differences in the impact of population urbanization on the income structure of farmers. The eastern region is basically the same as the national situation， and the central region mainly shows a reduction in the proportion of business income； The characteristics of the effect in the west differ from both the east and central regions. This study provides policy implications for how to ensure the growth of farmers’ income from different sources in the context of rapid population urbanization in China.