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去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响
岳子奇1,姚小鹤1,王之盛1*,胡瑞1,邹华围1,肖鉴鑫1,左之才2,彭全辉1,梁秀容1,邓文松3,王成4,左家学5
1.四川农业大学 动物营养研究所/四川省牛低碳养殖与安全生产重点实验室,成都 611130;2.四川农业大学 动物医学院,成都 611130;3.筠连县农业农村局,四川 宜宾 645250;4.筠连县畜牧水产业发展服务中心,四川 宜宾 645250;5.临沧市畜牧技术推广站,云南 临沧 677099
摘要:
为研究去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用18头16月龄、体重相近((292.35±28.71) kg)的不同去势程度筠连黄牛(全去势FCG、半去势HCG、假手术SOG),分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,根据试验期间牛舍温湿度指数(THI),分为热应激期(7、8月)和非热应激期(9月),分析去势和热应激对黄牛各指标的影响。结果表明:1)与非热应激期相比,热应激期牛舍THI、肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)去势和热应激均显著提高血清热休克蛋白70、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和雌二醇浓度(P<0.05),而睾酮、甲状腺素(T4)、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),且除血清葡萄糖、T4和LDL-C外,去势和热应激对其他血清指标存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。3)全去势和热应激均显著降低肉牛平均日增重(ADG),且存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。4)热应激期,去势显著降低粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和钙表观消化率以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.05),而热应激消除后,去势显著提高了T-AOC含量(P<0.05)。5)去势和热应激均显著提高瘤胃pH(P<0.05),显著降低氨态氮(NH3-N)、乙酸(AA)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度(P<0.05),且去势和热应激对瘤胃pH、NH3-N、AA和TVFA浓度存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。综上,公牛去势和热应激均会影响机体性激素分泌和养分表观消化率,从而降低生产性能,为热应激期肉牛饲养管理提供科学依据。
关键词:  筠连黄牛  热应激  去势  生产性能  表观消化率  血液生化指标
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.01.12
分类号:S823
基金项目:四川省科技计划项目(2021YFYZ0001);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);临沧市肉牛改良与产业化发展关键技术研究与示范项目(202104AC100001-A04)
Effects of castration and heat-stress on production performance, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of Junlian cattle
YUE Ziqi1, YAO Xiaohe1, WANG Zhisheng1*, HU Rui1, ZOU Huawei1, XIAO Jianxin1, ZUO Zhicai2, PENG Quanhui1, LIANG Xiurong1, DENG Wensong3, WANG Cheng4, ZUO Jiaxue5
1.Key Laboratory of University in Cattle Low Carbon Breeding and Safety Production in Sichuan Province/Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;2.College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;3.Junlian County Agricultural and Rural Department, Yibin 645250, China;4.Junlian County Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Service Center, Yibin 645250, China;5.Lincang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Technology Promotion Center, Lincang 677099, China
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to study the effects of castration and heat stress on production performance, rumen fermentation and blood biochemical indexes of yellow cattle. Eighteen 16-month-old Junlian yellow bulls of similar weight ((292.35±28.71) kg) with different degree of castration (Full-castration group: FCG, hemi-castration group: HCG and sham-operation group: SOG) were selected and divided into three groups, with 6 replicates in each group and 1 bull in each replicate. Then divided into heat stress (July and August) and non-heat stress (September) periods according to the changes of the thermal-humidity index (THI) during the experiment. Then the impact of castration and heat stress on indicators of yellow cattle was analyzed The results showed as follows: 1) Compared with the non-heat stress period, bulls in the heat stress period had significantly higher THI, respiratory rate and rectal temperature (P<0.05).2) During the whole test period, the castration and heat stress significantly increased serum heat-shock protein 70, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and estradiol concentrations (P<0.05); while serum testosterone, thyroxine (T4), insulin, and free fatty acids concentrations were significantly decreased (P<0.05); Besides serum glucose, T4 and LDL-C, castration and heat stress had a significant interaction effects on other serum index (P<0.05). 3) The full-castration and heat stress significantly decreased dry matter intake and average daily gain (ADG), and there was a significant interaction effect (P<0.05). 4) During the heat stress period, the castration significantly decreased crude protein, acid detergent fiber and Ca apparent digestibility, and serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P<0.05), but significantly increased T-AOC in the non-heat stress period (P<0.05). 5) The castration and heat stress both significantly increased rumen pH (P<0.05), significantly decreased ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), acetic acid (AA), and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations (P<0.05); and both had significant interaction effects on rumen pH, NH3-N, AA and TVFA concentrations (P<0.05). In conclusion, castration and heat stress in bulls can affect the secretion of sex hormones concentrations and nutrient apparent digestibility, thereby reducing production performance, which provide a scientific basis for feeding management of beef cattle during heat stress periods.
Key words:  Junlian cattle  heat stress  castration  production performance  apparent digestibility  serum biochemical indexes
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