基于专利分析的玉米秸秆创新利用态势研究

Research on innovative utilization trend of corn stover based on patent analysis

关键词:  玉米秸秆  专利分析  研究态势  创新利用

Key words:  corn stover  patent analysis  research situation  innovative utilization

摘要:

为洞悉全球玉米秸秆利用的共性关键技术和发展态势，利用Innography检索1854—2021年的全球玉米秸秆专利，综合分析全球玉米秸秆专利的申请趋势、申请机构、综合实力和各国专利布局等信息，并利用可视化工具分析专利技术聚类相关内容。以高专利强度的专利为代表讨论了减排固碳、绿色生态、现代装备、高值材料、智能信息和生物化学等领域专利对玉米秸秆综合利用方向的引领。结果表明，我国玉米秸秆专利中存着授权率低、研发领域发展不均衡、缺乏国际专利布局、创新利用方法专利较少和企业研发占比偏低等问题。2017—2021年的玉米秸秆创新利用专利技术中，利用玉米秸秆进行固、液、气3种形式的碳储存技术可实现创新减排固碳技术；利用玉米秸秆实现种植还田方法的特异化、肥料利用的创新、制备农产品的基质和绿色产品，实现创新绿色生态技术；利用现代信息技术优化玉米秸秆处理流程和方法，提高资源利用效率；利用创新现代装备技术对秸秆收储运、预处理和利用设备的优化，可实现农业机械高效化；从原料创新和高性能材料需求角度对玉米秸秆进行秸秆高值材料技术研发和创新；利用生物化学技术包含发酵技术青贮、微生物菌剂技术和酶解技术等，实现对玉米秸秆的创新利用。因此建议增加自身核心专利和高影响力专利的数量，提高科技成果转化率和专利国际化布局比例，高校和研究院提出的创新利用技术应加强与产业的融合。玉米秸秆高值材料产业是一个重要的突破方向，通过开发高值产品和实现资源循环利用来实现秸秆的综合利用，有望为农作物秸秆全产业链高值化利用提供新的机遇和发展路径。

Abstract:

To comprehensively understand the common key technologies and development trends in global corn stover utilization， this study utilized Innography to search and summarize the global corn stover patents published during 1854 and 2021， and focuses on the analysis of global corn stover patent filing trends， filing institutions and comprehensive strength， and patents distribution across countries， etc. Visualization tools were also used to analyze patent technology clustering， providing insights into research directions and key common technologies in these fields. Among the innovative corn stover utilization technologies， high patent intensity patents were selected as representatives to discuss the directional leadership of patent on comprehensive utilization technologies of corn stover in the areas such as emission reduction and carbon sequestration， green ecology， modern equipment， high-value materials， intelligent information and biochemistry. The analysis revealed that China’s corn stover patents have a low authorization rate， and uneven development in R&D fields， a lack of international patent layout， relatively few patents on innovative utilization methods， and a low proportion of enterprise R&D. From 2017 to 2021， innovative utilization technologies for corn straw included carbon storage technologies in solid-liquid-gas states， which can achieve innovative carbon reduction and sequestration technologies； utilize corn stover can specialize the planting return method and the innovate of fertilizer utilization， increase crop yield， improve soil quality， and prepare substrate and green products for agricultural purposes， thereby achieving innovative green ecological technology； optimizing corn straw processes and methods using modern information technology can enhance resource utilization efficiency； optimizing straw collection， pre-treatment， and utilization equipment using innovative modern equipment technology can enhance agricultural machinery efficiency； developing high-value material technology for corn stover from the perspective of raw material innovation and high-performance material demand can achieve innovative utilization； utilizing biochemical technology， including fermentation technology， green fodder， microbial bacterium， and enzymatic technology， can be applied for innovative utilization of corn stover. Therefore， it is recommended to increase the number of own core patents or high-impact patents， improve the conversion rate of scientific and technological achievements and the proportion of international layout of patents， universities and research institutes. The integration of the industry should also be strengthened to expand the scope of innovative technology utilization. The corn stover high-value material industry represents an important breakthrough direction. By developing high value-added products and achieving resource recycling for comprehensive stover utilization， new opportunities and development paths for the entire corn stover high-value utilization industrial chain can be expected.