数字经济参与对高素质农民创业的影响及机制研究 ——基于江西省高职扩招“高素质农民”专项调查数据的实证

Research on the impact of digital economy participation on high-quality farmers" entrepreneurship and its mechanism

关键词:  数字经济  高素质农民  创业  中介效应

Key words:  The digital economy  High-quality farmers  Entrepreneurship  Mediating effect

摘要:

农民创业是实现安稳致富、贯彻国家乡村振兴战略的重要方式,也是推动城乡协同发展、解决“三农问题”的有效途径。本文基于个体微观数字经济参与的角度,利用江西省高职扩招899份“高素质农民”专项调查的微观层面数据,采用Probit模型,考察了数字经济参与对高素质农民创业行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现,数字经济参与显著提升了高素质农民创业的可能性。对数字经济参与差异化分析还发现,数字化生产、数字化供销、数字化金融均对高素质农民创业具有显著正向影响。异质性分析发现,数字经济参与对高素质农民创业的促进效应会因是否参加技能培训和高素质农民的类型不同而存在较大差异。具体而言,对有培训基础的高素质农民创业的促进效应要高于没有培训基础的高素质农民；对生产经营型高素质农民创业的促进效应要高于其他两种类型的高素质农民。机制分析表明,数字经济参与可以通过提高主观社会地位认同、提升社会资本影响高素质农民创业决策。因此,要有针对性地提升高素质农民的数字素养水平、加强高素质农民的职业技能培训、增进高素质农民社会认同感和社会资本,提升高素质农民的创业能力,进一步打造乡村振兴“主力军”,为全面推进乡村振兴提供有力的人才支撑,助力农业现代化强国建设。

Abstract:

Farmer entrepreneurship is an important way to achieve stability and prosperity and implement the national strategy of rural revitalization, and is also an effective way to promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and solve the "three rural issues". From the perspective of individual micro-digital economy participation, this paper uses the micro-level data of 899 "high-quality farmers" special survey of higher vocational enrollment expansion in Jiangxi Province, and adopts the Probit model to investigate the impact of digital economy participation on the entrepreneurial behavior of high-quality farmers and its mechanism. The study found that participation in the digital economy significantly improved the possibility of entrepreneurship for high-quality farmers. The analysis of digital economy participation differentiation also found that digital production, digital supply and marketing, digital finance have a significant positive impact on high-quality farmers entrepreneurship. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the promotion effect of digital economy participation on entrepreneurship of high-quality farmers varies greatly depending on whether they participate in skill training or not and the types of high-quality farmers. To be specific, the promotion effect on the entrepreneurship of high-quality farmers with training basis is higher than that of high-quality farmers without training basis. The promotion effect on the entrepreneurship of production and management high-quality farmers is higher than that of other two types of high-quality farmers. Mechanism analysis shows that digital economy participation can affect the entrepreneurial decision-making of high-quality farmers by improving subjective social status identification and social capital. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the digital literacy level of high-quality farmers, strengthen the vocational skills training of high-quality farmers, enhance the social identity and social capital of high-quality farmers, enhance the entrepreneurial ability of high-quality farmers, further create the "main force" of rural revitalization, provide strong talent support for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization, and help the construction of a modern agricultural power.