复合菌剂对兔粪堆肥碳氮转化与损失的影响

Effects of compound bacterial inoculant on the conversion and loss of carbon and nitrogen during rabbit manure composting

关键词:  兔粪堆肥  碳排放  氨挥发  腐熟  复合菌剂  氨同化

Key words:  rabbit manure composting  carbon emission  ammonia emission  maturity  compound bacterium agent  ammonia assimilation

摘要:

为开发促腐和保氮功能兼具的发酵菌剂，探究不同配比菌剂对兔粪和香油渣堆肥碳氮转化与损失的影响及其机理。本试验以纤维素降解复合菌剂和功能菌剂两类自制菌剂为研究对象，采用封闭式好氧堆肥试验，共设置6个处理:不添加菌剂(CK)、EM商品菌剂(EM)、自制纤维素降解复合菌剂(CR)、V(功能菌剂)∶V(自制复合菌剂)=1∶1(CAR1)、V(功能菌剂)∶V(自制复合菌剂)=1∶2(CAR2)、V(功能菌剂)∶V(自制复合菌剂)=1∶3(CAR3)。研究各处理对堆体腐熟过程中发酵参数、碳氮损失、养分含量和腐熟度等相关指标的影响。结果表明:堆肥启动过程中，CAR3堆体升温迅速，酸碱度适宜，利于堆体好氧发酵；堆肥结束时，CAR3有机质降解率高达34.17%，CO₂排放量较排放量最高的CR低13.43%，总腐殖酸生成量达15.52%，较CR显著提升11.92%；堆体全氮含量显著提高，氨挥发量较CK降低10.28%；有机氮含量较CK显著提升19.74%，有利于氮素的固持。因此，V(功能菌剂)∶V(自制复合菌剂)=1∶3时(CAR3)，可显著提高堆肥腐熟程度，促进碳转化，减少氮损失。本研究可为兔粪堆肥高效促腐和养分减损发酵菌剂的研发提供依据。

Abstract:

In order to develop fermenting agents with both decay promotion and nitrogen retention functions, the effects of different ratios of agents on the decay of rabbit manure and sesame oil cake compost and the conversion and loss of carbon and nitrogen were investigated. In this experiment, two kinds of self-made bacterial agents, cellulose degradation composite bacterial agent and functional bacterial agent, were used as the research objects. Closed aerobic composting experiment was carried out, and six treatments were set up: no bacterial agent(CK), EM commercial microbial agent(EM), only self-made cellulose degradation composite bacterial agent(CR), V (functional bacterial agent)∶V(self-made composite bacterial agent)=1∶1 ratio(CAR1), V(functional bacterial agent)∶V(self-made composite bacterial agent)=1∶2 ratio(CAR2)and V(functional bacterial agent)∶V(self-made composite bacterial agent)=1∶3 ratio(CAR3). The effects of the treatments on the fermentation parameters, carbon and nitrogen losses, nutrient content, maturity and other related indicators of the piles were investigated during the decomposition process. The results showed that during the start-up of composting, the temperature of CAR3 pile heated up quickly and the pH level was suitable, which was beneficial to aerobic fermentation. At the end of composting, the degradation rate of organic matter of CAR3 was as high as 34. 17%. However, the CO₂ emission of CAR3 was 13. 43% lower than that of CR. In addition, the total humic acid production of CAR3 reached 15. 52%, which was 11. 92% higher than that of CR. The total nitrogen content in the pile was significantly increased, and the ammonia volatilization was 10. 28% lower than that of CK. At the same time, the organic nitrogen content of CAR3 was significantly increased by 19. 74% compared with CK, which was beneficial to nitrogen retention. In conclusion, when the ratio of V (functional bacterial agent)∶V (self-made composite bacterial agent)=1∶3(CAR3), it can significantly improve the maturity of compost, promote carbon conversion and reduce nitrogen loss. This study can provide a basis for the research and development of efficient spoilage and nutrient loss reduction fermentation agents for rabbit manure composting.