基于CiteSpace的华北冬小麦-夏玉米周年优化灌溉制度的节水潜力分析

Water-saving potential of optimized irrigation system for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the North China Plain based on CiteSpace

关键词:  周年灌溉制度  冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制  华北  文献计量学  研究态势  节水潜力

Key words:  optimized irrigation regime  winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system  north China plain  bibliometrics  research trend  water-saving potential

摘要:

为探究华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制周年优化灌溉制度的节水潜力，基于文献计量学方法，系统梳理了1995—2020年有关华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制周年优化灌溉制度的文献发文量、被引量、高影响力期刊、作者、研究单位、高频词、试验站点，以分析其研究态势，并利用CiteSpace进行了可视化与关联分析。在此基础上，进一步整理了该模式中高灌溉需水量作物冬小麦的关键节水技术，包括了工程节水技术(喷灌、滴灌、微喷灌)、生物节水技术(品种选育)与典型农艺节水技术(优化灌溉制度)等，系统分析了各节水技术对冬小麦产量、耗水量、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:1)华北地区冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制周年优化灌溉制度研究的相关发文量在近年来呈明显增加趋势，发展态势良好，但同时缺乏高被引论文。中国农业大学、中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心、河南农业大学发文数量排在前三位，分别占总发文数的27%、10%和10%，在该领域具有较高的活跃度；2)从高频词来看，该领域主要聚焦于水分利用效率、产量、光合特性、生长特性、模型模拟等。但相关领域也存在问题，如主要作者、一些研究机构间合作不够密切，田间实验站点分布不均匀且缺少长期稳定的定位观测试验等；3)对于高灌溉需水量作物冬小麦的文献计量研究表明，喷灌、滴灌、微喷灌、选用抗旱节水品种等技术，可降低田间耗水量7%~13%、产量不同程度增加2%~10%，水分利用效率提高约5%~28%。优化灌溉制度，减少灌溉次数，且根据不同降水年型保证冬小麦关键生育期的需水，可降低田间耗水9%~25%，产量降低2%~18%，水分利用效率提高约6%~9%。综上，为进一步保证粮食生产与水资源安全，应将冬小麦-夏玉米一年两茬作为一个整体来充分考虑周年的水分利用，合理优化周年的灌溉制度，构建整合配套的农艺节水技术体系和灌溉设备与技术。

Abstract:

In order to explore the water-saving potential of optimizing irrigation system in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the North China Plain, this study, based on the bibliometrics method systematically combed the amount of publications, citations, high-impact journals, authors, research units, high-frequency words and experiment sites related to the annual optimization irrigation system of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in North China from 1995 to 2020, for analyzing the research situation and correlation analysis by CiteSpace. On this basis, the key water-saving irrigation water demand of winter wheat crop to high technology were further organized, including the engineering water saving technology(micro sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation), biological water saving technology(varieties)and a typical agricultural water saving technology(optimizing irrigation system. The water saving technology on winter wheat yield, water consumption and water use efficiency were systemly analyzed. The results showed that: 1)The number of papers related to the annual optimization irrigation system of winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in North China showed a significant increase in recent years, with a good development trend, but there was a lack of highly cited papers at the same time. China Agricultural University, Agricultural Resources Research Center of Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Henan Agricultural University ranked the top three, accounting for 27%, 10% and 10% of the total published papers, respectively, showing high activity in this field. 2)From the perspective of high-frequency words, this field mainly focused on WUE, yield, photosynthetic characteristics, growth characteristics, model simulation, etc. However, there were also some problems in related fields, such as the lack of close cooperation between the lead author and some research institutions, uneven distribution of field experiment sites and lack of long-term stable positioning observation experiments, etc. 3)The literature metrology study of winter wheat with high irrigation water demand showed that sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, micro-sprinkler irrigation and selection of drought-resistant water-saving varieties could reduce water consumption by 7%-13%, increase yield by 2%-10% and increase WUE by 5%-28%. By optimizing irrigation system, reducing irrigation times, and ensuring water demand in key growth stages of winter wheat according to different precipitation year types, the water consumption in field can be reduced by 9%-25%, yield can be reduced by 2%-18%, and water use efficiency by 6%-9%. In conclusion, in order to further ensure food production and water resource security, two crops of winter wheat and summer corn per year should be taken as a whole to fully consider annual water use, rationally optimize annual irrigation system, and construct integrated agronomic water-saving technology system and irrigation equipment and technology.