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生物活性素对富士苹果园土壤氮素利用及苹果生长发育的影响
邓明江,费丽彬,王贺,孔令霞,王忆,许雪峰,韩振海
中国农业大学 园艺学院, 北京 100193
摘要:
为提高苹果生产中肥料利用效率以及解决大量施肥造成树体旺长、不易成花和果品品质下降的问题,本研究利用自制的生物活性素复合制剂,于2017—2019年在陕西省延安市选择正常管理下的4个不同树龄的红富士果园,采用常规施肥(对照)和增施生物活性素处理,从土壤理化性状、树体生长发育和果实品质等方面,去探究生物活性素对果园氮素利用及红富士苹果生长发育的影响。结果表明:1)经生物活性素处理后,土壤全氮含量提高4.69%~51.35%,其中幼龄树果园中提高效果更为明显;2)处理后幼龄树的花芽数量连年增加,平均增加58.42%,成花树的比例平均提高22%;3)4个参试果园中果实产量均有提高,果实香气普遍提高;4)肥料偏生产力在3个果园中平均提高11.32%,总体呈增加趋势。施用生物活性素,对幼龄树可促进早花早果,对成龄树有一定增产提质的作用。综合来看,生物活性素的施用是黄土高原地区红富士苹果高效利用肥料及高产优质生产的有效措施。
关键词:  苹果  生物活性素  肥料偏生产力  花芽数量  果实香气
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.12.07
分类号:
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(编号2016YFD0201127)
Effect of bioactive compound on soil nitrogen utilization, growth and development of ‘Fuji' Apple in orchard
DENG Mingjiang,FEI Libin,WANG He,KONG Lingxia,WANG Yi,XU Xuefeng,HAN Zhenhai
College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Abstract:
In order to improve the efficiency of fertilizer utilization in apple production and solve the problems of tree growth, difficult to flower and fruit quality decline, caused by large amount of fertilizer application, four Red Fuji orchards of different tree ages under normal management were selected in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2019 by using self-made bioactive element compound formulation. Treat with conventional fertilization(control)and increased application of bioactive element, the effect of bioactive elements on the orchard nitrogen utilization and growth and development of Red Fuji apple was explored from the aspects of soil physical and chemical properties, tree growth and development, and fruit quality, The results showed that: 1)After the bioactive element treatment, the total nitrogen content of the soil increased by 4. 69%~51. 35%, and the improvement effect was more obvious in the young tree orchard. 2)After treatment, the number of flower buds of young trees increased year after year, with an average increase of 58. 42%, and the proportion of flowering trees increased by 22%. 3)The fruit yields and aroma of the 4 participating orchards were increased. 4)The partial productivity of fertilizer in the 3 orchards increased by 11. 32% on average, showing an overall increasing trend. The application of bioactive element can promote early flowering and early fruit for young trees, and increase the yield and quality of mature trees. In conclusion, the application of bioactive elements is an effective measure for the efficient use of fertilizers and high-yield and high-quality production of Red Fuji apples in the Loess Plateau.
Key words:  apple  bioactive  fertilizer utilization  number of flower buds  fruit aroma
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