| 摘要: |
| 为探索生物降解地膜在鲜食玉米和甘薯生产中应用的可行性，以BF1(国内PBAT材料)、BF2(进口PBAT材料为主)和BF3(国内PPC材料)3种生物降解地膜为试验材料，以PE(普通聚乙烯)和LD(裸地)作对照，系统分析生物降解地膜的上机性能、降解情况以及对农田土壤温度、土壤墒情、作物产量和经济效益等指标的影响。结果表明，3种生物降解地膜的增温保墒性能不及PE地膜，但均优于LD，可使鲜食玉米和甘薯提早成熟，产量和外观品质提升。其中，BF1和BF3处理的鲜食玉米产量分别为18 652.66和18 125.73 kg/hm2，与PE处理差异不显著，显著高于BF2和LD处理；BF1和BF3处理的甘薯产量分别为31 586.16和29 933.48 kg/hm2，与PE处理差异不显著，显著高于LD处理。生物降解地膜应用在鲜食玉米和甘薯上的经济效益均高于LD，不及PE地膜，其效益从高到低依次为BF1>BF3>BF2。综合经济和生态效益分析，在北京的鲜食玉米和甘薯生产上应优先选用BF1，通过应用生物降解地膜逐渐替代PE地膜，实现地膜应用的无污染。 |
| 关键词: 生物降解地膜 鲜食玉米 甘薯 产量 效益 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.10.06 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:北京市科技转化与推广服务项目(2130106) |
|
| Performance of biodegradable films and their application on fresh corn and sweet potato production in Beijing |
|
MEI Li1,DONG Wenyi2,ZHOU Jihua1,LIU Qin2,SONG Huixin1,WANG Junying1*
|
|
1.Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Centre, Beijing 100029, China;2.Institute of Agricultural Environment and Sustainable Development/Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Residual Pollution inAgricultural Film of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
|
| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the feasibility of the application of biodegradable film in the production of fresh corn and sweet potato, 3 biodegradable films BF1(PBAT materials produced in China), BF2(mainly imported PBAT materials)and BF3(PPC materials produced in China)produced by 3 companies were used as experimental materials to analyze their performance, degradability and effects on soil temperature, soil moisture, crop growth, yield and economic benefit on fresh corn and sweet potato production in Beijing. PE(ordinary polyethylene)and LD(bare land)were taken as contrast. The results showed that the temperature and moisture retention of biodegradable film was lower than that of PE film, but higher than that of LD. They could make fresh corn and sweet potato mature earlier and improve their yield, appearance and quality. Among them, the yields of fresh corn covered with BF1 and BF3 were 18 652. 66 and 18 125. 73 kg/hm2, the yields of sweet potato covered with BF1 and BF3 were 31 586. 16 and 29 933. 48 kg/hm2, respectively. There were no significant differences among the yields of BF1, BF3 and PE, and they were significantly higher than that of LD. The economic benefit of biodegradable mulch film on fresh corn and sweet potato was higher than that of LD, but lower than that of PE film. The benefit order from high to low was BF1>BF3>BF2. Based on the analysis of comprehensive economic and ecological benefits, BF1 should be the first choice in the production of fresh corn and sweet potato in Beijing. The application of biodegradable plastic film can replace PE film gradually and realize the application of plastic film pollution-free. |
| Key words: biodegradable film fresh corn sweet potato yield benefit |
