播期对冬播春麦品种生育进程及产量品质的影响

Effect of sowing date on growth characteristics and yield and quality of spring wheat varieties sowing in winter

关键词:  春麦冬播  播期  生育特性  产量  品质

Key words:  spring wheat sowing in winter  sowing date  growth characteristics  yield  quality

摘要:

为探明冬前播期对新疆北疆春小麦生育进程、产量和品质的影响，于2017—2019年在田间设置3个冬前播期(10月中旬、10月下旬和11月上旬)和春播期(3月底，CK)，分析‘新春6号’、‘新春20号’、‘新春27号’和‘新春43号’4个春小麦品种在不同播期的生育进程、茎数动态、产量构成和籽粒品质等指标。结果表明，冬播处理平均出苗率(59.13%)较春播处理平均出苗率(80.70%)降低21.57个百分点，年际间差异大，同一春麦品种不同冬播期处理之间出苗率差异显著；冬播较春播处理早出苗9~15 d、早成熟8~11 d、延长生育期6~18 d；降低总茎数峰值，总茎数峰值提前出现；冬播处理2年平均产量(7 065.99 kg/hm²)较春播增产17.10%，穗粒数和千粒重分别增加30.68%和5.59%，冬播期处理间产量平均值差异不显著。冬播处理使供试春小麦的籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量均有所降低，但处理间籽粒品质指标差异不显著；同一冬播期的不同小麦品种的沉降值和湿面筋含量差异显著，以‘新春43号’和‘新春6号’较高。冬播处理较春播小麦增产，主要是穗粒数增加的结果；冬播使春小麦的籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值和湿面筋含量降低，同一小麦品种的不同冬播处理间籽粒品质指标差异显著。在本试验条件下，综合产量和品质结果，10月下旬—11月上旬是新疆北疆春麦品种适宜的冬播期。

Abstract:

In order to find out the influence of pre-winter sowing period on the growth process, yield and quality of spring wheat varieties. From 2017 to 2019, three pre-winter sowing periods(mid-October, late October, early November)and spring sowing periods(at the end of March, CK)were set up in the field to study the growth process, stem number dynamics, yield composition and seeds quality of ‘Xinchun 6', ‘Xinchun 20', ‘Xinchun 27' and ‘Xinchun 43'. The results showed that the average seedling yield of winter sowing treatment(59. 13%)was 21. 57 percentage points lower than the average seedling average of spring sowing treatments(80. 70%), with large differences between years, and significant differences in seedling emergence rate among the three pre-winter sowing treatments. In winter, seedlings were 9-15 d earlier than in spring sowing treatment, 8-11 d prematurely matured, and extended life. The breeding period was 6-18 d; the peak number of total stems will be reduced, and the peak number of total stems appeared ahead of schedule; the average output for two years of pre-winter sowing treatment(7 065. 99 kg/hm²)was 17. 10% higher than that of spring sowing, and the number of spikes and thousands of grain weight were increased by 30. 68% and 5. 59%. The mean difference in yield between pre-winter sowing treatments was not significant. Pre-winter sowing reduced the protein content, sinker value and wet gluten content of wheat grains. There was no significant difference in grain quality indexes between pre-winter sowing treatments. Among varieties in the same winter sowing period, the settlement value and wet gluten content were significantly different, with high in ‘Xinchun 43' and ‘Xinchun 6' respectively. In summary, the increase in yield of pre-winter sowning wheat compared with spring-sown wheat was mainly the result of the increase in the number of spike grains. All pre-winter sowing wheat significantly reduced the protein content, sinker value and wet gluten content compared with spring-sown wheat, and the difference in the effect on the grain quality index between different winter-sown treatments was significant. Under the conditions of this experiment, the combined yield and quality results showed that late October to early November was the suitable winter sowing period for spring wheat varieties in the North of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.