| 摘要: |
| 为探究适合河西地区春玉米生长的灌水量和滴灌频率的最佳组合，采用‘咸科858’为试验材料，设置作物蒸发蒸腾量(ETc)60%(W1)、80%(W2)和100%(W3)3个灌水水平和间隔4(D1)、8(D2)和12 d(D3)3个滴灌频率，共9个处理。生育期内，对春玉米株高、茎粗、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质累积量和产量等进行测定。结果表明:同一滴灌频率下，W3处理的株高、茎粗、LAI和干物质累积量均显著高于W1和W2处理，灌水量对春玉米产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)影响极显著，其中产量在W3最高，平均达到15 769 kg/hm2，比W1和W2分别提高29.68%和8.90%，而其IWUE最低，较W1和W2分别减少22.17%和12.68%，灌水量对春玉米耗水量有显著影响，且春玉米耗水量随灌水量增加而增加；同一灌水量下，亏缺灌溉(W1和W2)中D1处理的生长指标、产量、WUE和IWUE最大；充分灌水(W3)水平下，春玉米产量、WUE和IWUE均在D2处理达到最大，分别为16 658 kg/hm2、3.16 kg/m3和4.3 kg/m3；灌水量和滴灌频率二者交互作用对春玉米株高、产量、WUE和IWUE有极显著影响；主成分分析法得出W3D2处理得分最高。综上，W3D2(100% ETc，间隔8 d)处理高产且WUE较高，可作为河西地区春玉米生产的最佳滴灌灌水组合。 |
| 关键词: 河西地区 灌水量 滴灌频率 春玉米生长 产量 水分利用效率 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.10.02 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(51979231)；国家重点研发专项(2017YFC0403303)；教育部高等学校学科创新引智计划(B12007) |
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| Effects of irrigation amount and drip irrigation frequency on spring maize growth and water use in Hexi area of Gansu Province |
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LI Ju,ZHANG Fucang,WANG Yanli,LAI Zhenlin,LI Yuepeng,YAN Fulai,WANG Haidong,GUO Jinjin
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Institute of Water-Saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid andSemiarid Areas of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agricultural and Forest University, Yangling 712100, China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to explore the best combination of irrigation amount and drip irrigation frequency suitable for spring maize growth in Hexi area, ‘Xianke 858' was taken as the test material. Three different irrigation amounts, i. e. 60% ETc(W1), 80% ETc(W2)and 100% ETc(W3), and three different irrigation frequencies, i. e. 4 d(D1), 8 d(D2)and 12 d(D3)were designed and there were 9 treatments in total. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation and yield of spring maize were measured during the growth period. The results showed that: The plant height, stem diameter, LAI and dry matter accumulation of W3 treatment were significantly higher than those of W1 and W2 treatments at the same drip irrigation frequency. The effects of irrigation amount on maize yield, water use efficiency(WUE)and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)were extremely significant. The yield of W3 was the highest, reaching 15 769 kg/hm2, which was 29. 68% and 8. 90% higher than that of W1 and W2 respectively, while the WUE of W3 was the lowest, which is 22. 17% and 12. 68% lower than W1 and W2. The irrigation amount displayed a significant impact on the water consumption of spring maize, and the water consumption of spring maize increased with the increase of irrigation amount; At the same irrigation amount, the growth index, yield, WUE and IWUE of D1 were the highest in deficit irrigation(W1 and W2). Under full irrigation level(W3), D2 had the highest yield, WUE and IWUE, which were 16 658 kg/hm2, 3. 16 kg/m3 and 4. 3 kg/m3, respectively. The interaction between irrigation amount and drip irrigation frequency had extremely significant effects on plant height, yield, WUE and IWUE of spring maize. The principal component analysis also showed that W3D2 had the highest score. The combination of W3D2(100% ETc, 8 d interval)not only had the greatest yield, but also had relatively higher WUE, meaning that it was the optimal combination for spring maize production in Hexi area. |
| Key words: Hexi area irrigation amount drip irrigation frequency spring maize growth yield water use efficiency |
