冬春季层叠式蛋鸡舍乳头式饮水系统细菌含量检测及其对生产性能的影响

Detection of bacterial content in the nipple watering system of layer house with cascading cages in winter and spring and its influence on the production performance

关键词:  层叠式蛋鸡舍  乳头式饮水  V型槽  细菌含量  生产性能

Key words:  layer house  nipple watering system  V-trough  bacteria content  laying performance

摘要:

为研究冬季和春季规模化蛋鸡舍饮水系统中细菌微生物污染情况及其对生产性能的影响，利用实时荧光定量PCR法(Quantitative real-time PCR)测定了8层层叠式笼养蛋鸡舍内不同笼层水线水和V型槽水中细菌基因组16S rDNA总拷贝数，并与环境参数、产蛋率和蛋品质性状进行相关性分析。结果表明:1)各笼层间水线水细菌基因总拷贝数差异不显著，第3和7层V型槽水细菌基因总拷贝数略高于第1和5层(P>0.05)，冬季和春季V型槽水细菌数均远高于水线水(P<0.01)，高达575.44~32 130.51倍；2)冬、春季第1和5层产蛋率、蛋白高度和哈氏单位均高于第3和7层，其余蛋品质性状无显著差异；3)水线水细菌数与V型槽水细菌数在冬季和春季均呈弱正相关(r=0.223，r=0.225)，V型槽水细菌数与温度和空气细菌数呈弱正相关，与湿度在冬季时呈显著正相关(r=0.325)；4)V型槽水细菌数与产蛋率和蛋品质性状在冬季和春季均呈弱负相关，在春季时与蛋白高和哈氏单位呈显著负相关(r=-0.348，r=-0.479)。冬季和春季层叠式蛋鸡舍内V型槽水细菌污染程度远高于水线水，与环境温湿度及空气质量的相关性更密切，对蛋鸡的产蛋率和蛋品质有负面影响，在生产过程中需加强对V型槽内污染情况的监测和卫生安全的控制。

Abstract:

In order to understand the microbial pollution in the nipple watering system in the layer farms in winter and spring, the bacterial contents in the pipe water and the V-trough on different tiers of the layer house with 8 overlap tiers were continuously monitored to compare the bacterial contamination and its association with laying performance and egg quality traits. The total copy number of bacterial genome 16S rDNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the 16S rDNA copy number in pipe water among tiers, while the 16S rDNA copy numbers in V-trough were slightly higher in the 3^rd and 7^th tier compared to the 1^st and 5^thtier(P>0. 05). The 16S rDNA copy number in the V-trough was 575. 44-32 130. 51 times higher than that in the pipe water(P<0. 01)on each tier throughout the experiment. The laying rate, albumen height, and Haugh unit of chickens were higher in the 1^st and 5^thtier compared to that in the 3^rd and 7^th tier, and there was no significant difference in other egg quality traits among tiers. The 16S rDNA copy number of bacteria in the pipe water was weakly and positively correlated with that in the V-trough on different tiers in both winter and spring(correlation coefficient, r=0. 223, r=0. 225). The bacterial content in V-trough was weakly and positively correlated with temperature and air bacterial content, and had significant positive correlation with humidity in winter(r=0. 325). The bacterial content in V-trough was weakly negatively correlated with laying rate and egg quality traits, and had significant negative correlation with Haugh unit and albumen height in spring(r=-0. 348, r=-0. 479). In conclusion, the bacteria content in the V-trough was much higher than that in the pipe water in both winter and spring, and had much higher correlation with environmental temperature, humidity and air quality, which indicated higher potential negative impacts on the laying performance and egg quality of laying hens. It is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of pollution and the control of safety inside V-trough during production.