黑龙江农垦种养业生产系统温室气体排放与土壤固碳的核算

Accounting on greenhouse gas emissions and SOC stocks of the crop-farm animal production system in Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area

关键词:  温室气体排放  黑龙江农垦  种养业生产系统  土壤固碳

Key words:  greenhouse gas emissions  Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area  crop-farm animal production system  SOC stocks

摘要:

为探究区域种养业减排增效潜力，采用最新温室气体清单指南，对区域种养业生产系统温室气体排放与土壤固碳的途径和计算方法进行梳理，以黑龙江农垦种养业生产系统为研究对象，计算分析与评价该系统2009—2018年温室气体排放量与土壤固碳量。结果表明:1)在温室气体排放方面，黑龙江农垦种养业生产系统的温室气体排放量呈现“增长—下降后平稳”的趋势，2018年为2.48×10¹⁰ kg，秸秆焚烧碳排放、主要物资碳排放、稻田CH4排放为主要来源，约占排放总量的84.87%。2)在土壤固碳方面，玉米和大豆的秸秆、根系输入引起的土壤有机碳的累积变化量分别为2.15×10⁹和1.53×10⁸ kg，而奶牛、肉牛、蛋鸡、肉鸡和生猪有机肥输入引起的土壤有机碳的累计变化量分别为-1.43×10⁸、-5.46×10⁷、-2.67×10⁶、2.26×10⁶和-9.68×10⁷ kg。3)近年来黑龙江农垦种养业生产系统温室气体净排放量有所增长、经济效益有所下降。基于研究结果，提出如下建议:1)加大农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便资源综合利用，建立第三方集中处理中心，减少秸秆焚烧和畜禽粪便未利用；2)确定适宜的有机物料输入种类与量，促进土壤碳固定；3)开展农机具使用效率研究。

Abstract:

To explore the potential of reducing emissions and increasing efficiency of crop-farm animal production system, the latest greenhouse gas inventory guidelines were adopted. The pathways and calculation methods for greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration in crop-farm animal production system were developed. Based on the latest greenhouse gas inventory guideline the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and SOC stocks from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: 1)From the aspect of GHG emissions, the total GHG emissions of the crop-farm animal production system of HLRA showed a trend of increasing, and then kept steady after a decline. The total emissions in 2018 was 2. 48×10¹⁰ kg. The carbon emissions from straw burning, carbon emissions from major materials, and CH₄ emissions from rice cultivation were the main sources, which accounted for 84. 87% of the total. 2)From the aspect of SOC stocks, the cumulative change of SOC stock by maize and soybean crop straw and root input were respectively 2. 15×10⁹ and 1. 53×10⁸ kg. However, the cumulative change of SOC stocks by dairy cattle, beef cattle, layer, broiler and swine manure input were -1. 43×10⁸, -5. 46×10⁷, -2. 67×10⁶, 2. 26×10⁶ and -9. 68×10⁷ kg, respectively. 3)In recent years, the net GHG emissions of the crop-farm animal production system of HLRA increased, and the economic benefits declined. Based on the results, increasing the ratio of comprehensive utilization of crop straw and manure resources, establishing a third-party centralized processing center, and preventing straw burning and direct disposal of untreated manure are recommended in this study. To promote SOC stocks, the suitable types and amount of organic material inputs need to be studied, and researches on agricultural machinery efficiency improvement need to be developed.