茎叶类蔬菜机械化收获技术研究现状与发展

Current status and development of stem and leaf vegetable mechanized harvesting technology

关键词:  茎叶类蔬菜  收获机械  无序收获技术  有序收获技术

Key words:  stem and leaf vegetable  harvesting machinery  disorderly harvesting technology  orderly harvesting technology

摘要:

为深入系统地了解茎叶类蔬菜收获机关键技术，采用文献综述和归纳总结的方法，从无序收获技术和有序收获技术2方面对国内外茎叶类蔬菜收获技术的研究成果进行梳理与分析。结果表明:1)在茎叶类蔬菜无序收获技术中，国外集中式蔬菜收获技术已较为成熟，我国相关机型存在通用性不高、自动化程度低等问题。选择式蔬菜收获技术的研究尚始于起步阶段，在工作可靠性和收获效率等方面和集中式收获技术存在明显差距。2)在茎叶类蔬菜有序收获技术中，柔性夹持输送机构和有序铺放梳理装置是有序收获机的关键部件，对低损伤、低扰动柔性夹持输送和有序铺放梳理技术的研究是当前茎叶类蔬菜有序收获技术研究的重点。针对茎叶类蔬菜收获机械作业要求，提出以下发展策略:优化收获机械结构，研究具备一机兼收功能的通用型茎叶类蔬菜收获机；整合机械系统与电气控制技术，提高收获机具的自动化水平；加强成熟蔬菜有效识别定位和末端执行机构相关研究，提高茎叶类蔬菜选择式收获机工作效率；研究茎叶类蔬菜物理特性，突破低扰动切割技术、可调式低损伤夹持输送技术等有序收获关键技术。

Abstract:

In order to deeply understand the key technologies of stem and leaf vegetable harvester, the research results of stem and leaf vegetable harvesting technologies in domestic and overseas were respectively analyzed by combing the literature review and summarizing. The results show that: 1)In the disorderly harvesting technology of vegetables, centralized harvesting technology has been advanced in overseas and relevant models in China exist some problems such as low universality and low automation. The research of selective harvesting technology has been still low level and it is less efficient than the centralized harvesting technology. 2)In the orderly harvesting technology of vegetables, the flexible clamping conveying mechanism and orderly laying device are the key. The movement law of vegetables and low damage flexible clamping laying technology are heart of the matter. Low damage conveying technology and orderly laying technology are research emphasis. For the requirement of vegetable harvesting machinery, the developing strategies proposed in this study including optimizing the design of the mechanical structural and universal vegetable harvester, integrating mechanical systems with electrical control technology to improve the automation system of vegetable harvester, further strengthening relevant research on the effective identification of vegetables and end-effector mechanism to improve efficiency, studying the physical characteristic of stem and leaf vegetables, and developing low-disturbance harvester cutting technology and adjustable low-damage conveying technology.