种养结合能提高小规模生猪养殖的环境效率吗?——基于江苏省生猪养殖户的分析

Can the integrated crop-livestock production improve the environmental efficiency of small-scale hog farming? Analysis of hog farmers in Jiangsu Province

关键词:  小规模  生猪养殖  种养结合  环境效率  随机前沿生产函数

Key words:  small-scale  hog farming  integrated crop-livestock production  environmental efficiency  stochastic frontier production function

摘要:

基于2012—2017年江苏省生猪养殖户的微观调研数据，选择小规模生猪养殖作为研究对象，采用随机前沿生产函数测算了小规模生猪养殖的环境效率，并系统探究了种养结合户和普通养殖户在环境效率上的差异，在此基础上，尝试找出生猪养殖数量和农田经营面积的最优比例。研究发现:1)在样本考察期内，江苏省小规模生猪养殖的环境效率均值为0.813，而且在时间上环境效率出现了略微的增长趋势。2)与普通养殖户相比，种养结合户的生猪养殖环境效率要高一些。平均来看，种养结合户的生猪养殖环境效率要比普通养殖户高0.013。3)生猪养殖数量和农田经营面积的比值与生猪养殖环境效率存在“先上升、后下降”的倒U型关系，在“水稻+小麦”的种植模式下，当且仅当生猪养殖数量和农田经营面积的比值为92.98头/(hm²·a)时，生猪养殖环境效率达到最高。

Abstract:

Based on the micro survey data of hog farmers in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2017, this study adopts the stochastic frontier production function to evaluate the environmental efficiency of small-scale hog farming. The differences in environmental efficiency between the integrated crop-livestock production farmers and the ordinary hog farmers are systmatically explored. Based on the efficiency analysis, this study tries to find out the optimal ratio of hog heads and farmland area. The results showed that: Firstly, the average environmental efficiency of small-scale hog farming in Jiangsu Province was 0. 813 between 2012 and 2017, and the environmental efficiency grew slightly over time. Secondly, compared with the ordinary farmers, the environmental efficiency of integrated crop-livestock production farmers was higher than ordinal hog farmers. The environmental efficiency of integrated crop-livestock production farmers was 0. 013 higher than that of ordinary hog farmers on average. Thirdly, an inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between the hog-land ratio and the environmental efficiency of hog farming. In rice-wheat rotation area, the environmental efficiency of hog farming reached the highest when the hog-land ratio is 92. 98 heads/(hm²·a).