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多重保温覆盖连栋温室的设计及性能分析
何芬1,2,魏晓明1,2*,蔡峰3,干天广3
1.农业农村部规划设计研究院, 北京 100125;2.农业农村部农业设施结构工程重点实验室, 北京 100125;3.北京兴业华农农业设备有限公司, 北京 101309
摘要:
针对连栋温室冬季保温性能差、加温能耗大、建造成本高等突出问题,设计一种配套双层幕布系统和内外双层膜结构的多重保温覆盖连栋温室,在北京冬季最冷时段对温室性能进行实际测试。结果表明:温室内日平均温度、日最低气温平均值为6.1和1.4 ℃;夜间日平均气温、室内外温差的平均值为2.4和9.0 ℃。日最低气温≤5 ℃ 的日数所占比例达到96%,且气温≤5 ℃日平均时长达到12 h。小拱棚+双层幕布覆盖、塑料拱棚+薄膜和双层幕布覆盖2个对照区的日平均温度、日最低气温的平均值可提高4~6 ℃,夜间日平均气温、室内外温差的平均值可提高5~6 ℃,且日最低气温平均值为5~12 ℃。在无辅助加温情况下,多重保温覆盖连栋温室在北京地区无法进行叶菜生产,当进一步加强保温覆盖设计或增加临时辅助加温设施可进行叶菜和果菜的生产。
关键词:  连栋温室  多重保温  多层覆盖  温度环境  温室设计
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.02.12
分类号:
基金项目:农业农村部重点实验室开放课题(201703)
Design and performance analysis of multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering
HE Fen1,2,WEI Xiaoming1,2*,CAI Feng3,GAN Tianguang3
1.Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;2.Key Laboratory of Farm Building in Structure and Construction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China;3.Beijing Xingye Huanong Agricultural Equipment Co., Ltd., Beijing 101309, China
Abstract:
Aiming at the problems of poor thermal insulation performance, high heating energy consumption and high construction cost of multi-span greenhouse in winter, a novel multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering is proposed. It is equipped with double screen and double-layer film structure. Experiment is carried out to test the performance of multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering during the winter of Beijing. The results show that: The average of daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature in greenhouse are 6. 1 and 1. 4 ℃; The average of daily average temperature and temperature difference between inside and outside at night are 2. 4 and 9. 0 ℃. The daily minimum temperature ≤5 ℃ is accounted for 96% of the total number of days, and the average daily duration of temperature ≤5 ℃ lasts up to 12 hours. Taking small arch shed + double-layer screen cover, plastic arch shed + film and double-layer screen cover as two control areas, the average of daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature can be increased by 4-6 ℃; The average of daily average temperature and temperature difference between inside and outside at night can be increased by 5-6 ℃, and the average daily minimum temperature is 5-12 ℃. In the case of no auxiliary heating, the multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering is unable to produce leafy vegetables in Beijing, and the design of thermal insulation cover needs to be further strengthened to improve the indoor temperature environment or add temporary auxiliary heating facilities to produce leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables.
Key words:  multi-span greenhouse  multi-layer heat preservation  multi-layer covering  temperature environment  greenhouse design
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