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慢性热应激对放牧肉牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响
陈浩1,王纯洁2,斯木吉德1,张晨1,武思同1,徐萍1,曹佳明1,刘飞鸿1,敖日格乐1*
1.内蒙古农业大学 动物科学学院, 呼和浩特 010018;2.内蒙古农业大学 兽医学院, 呼和浩特 010018
摘要:
为研究慢性热应激对放牧肉牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响,在内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗巴彦温都尔草原选取体况相近、体质健康的放牧西门塔尔母牛20头,根据放牧草场环境温湿度的变化,将试验期划分为热应激期和热应激恢复期,并于各试验期最后一天清晨进行血液采样,用 ELISA方法测定血清激素、抗氧化指标以及血清免疫球蛋白和白细胞介素含量。结果显示:1)慢性热应激对放牧肉牛血清激素含量有显著影响。与热应激恢复期相比,热应激状态下肉牛血清中三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、葡萄糖(GLU)、胰岛素(INS)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)含量显著下降(P<0.05);尿素氮(BUN)有下降的趋势(P>0.05)。2)热应激对放牧肉牛免疫功能有显著影响。与热应激恢复期相比,热应激状态下肉牛血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量显著下降(P<0.05),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。3)慢性热应激对放牧肉牛抗氧化功能有显著影响。与热应激恢复期相比,热应激状态下肉牛血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P<0.05),丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,慢性热应激降低了放牧肉牛的免疫功能和抗氧化能力,对肉牛机体造成了一定的损伤;慢性热应激对放牧肉牛的内分泌激素水平有较大的影响,这提示肉牛的内分泌系统通过自身调节以提高机体对热应激的适应能力。
关键词:  西门塔尔牛  慢性热应激  血液生化指标  免疫功能  抗氧化能力
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2021.02.08
分类号:
基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0501700),内蒙古自治区草原英才工程
Effects of chronic heat stress on blood biochemical index, immune function and antioxidant capacity of grazing beef cattle
CHEN Hao1,WANG Chunjie2,Simujide1,ZHANG Chen1,WU Sitong1,XU Ping1,CAO Jiaming1,LIU Feihong1,Aorigele1*
1.College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;2.Veterinary Medical College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China
Abstract:
In order to study the effects of chronic heat stress on blood biochemical index, antioxidant capacity and immune function of grazing beef cattle, a total of 20 healthy Simmental cattles were selected from Bayanwenduer grassland in Arukerqin Banner, Inner Mongolia. According to the changes of temperature and humidity in grazing grassland, the experimental period was divided into heat stress period and heat stress recovery period. Blood samples were taken on the morning of the last day of each experiment period. Serum hormones, antioxidant indexes, serum immunoglobulin and interleukin content were measured by ELISA. The results showed that: 1)Chronic heat stress had significant effect on serum hormones of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the contents of triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4), glucose(Glu), insulin(INS)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in serum of beef cattle were significantly decreased(P<0. 05). The content of urea nitrogen(BUN)also showed a descending trend(P>0. 05). 2)Heat stress had significant effect on immune function of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the contents of immunoglobulin A(IGA), immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM)and interleukin-2(IL-2)were significantly decreased(P<0. 05), while the contents of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0. 05). 3)Chronic heat stress had a significant effect on antioxidant function of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of beef cattle were significantly decreased(P<0. 05), and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly increased(P<0. 05). In conclusion, chronic heat stress reduced the immune function and antioxidant capacity of grazing beef cattle, and caused certain damage to the beef cattle body. Chronic heat stress had a great impact on the endocrine hormone level of grazing beef cattle, suggesting that the endocrine system of beef cattle could improve the adaptability to heat stress through self-regulation.
Key words:  Simmental cattle  chronic heat stress  blood biochemical index  immune function  antioxidant capacity
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