喷淋发芽箱的设计、制作及喷淋发芽检测方法的确定

Design and production of spraying germination box and determination of spraying germination test method

关键词:  种子发芽检测  喷淋发芽箱  玉米  小麦  带菌率

Key words:  seed germination test  spraying germination box  maize  wheat  bacteria carrying rate

摘要:

为进一步提升种子发芽检测结果的稳定性，以2个玉米品种(‘郑单958’、‘农大87’)和2个小麦品种(‘济麦22’、‘山农21’)为试验材料，设计制作喷淋发芽箱，包括3×2组喷淋头、塑料软管、水泵和定时器，种子无需消毒处理，直接放入发芽箱，开始定时定量喷水，每次喷淋持续1 min，6组喷淋头，每次喷水量共计1.9 L。首先筛选玉米和小麦种子发芽适宜喷淋间隔时间，并比较不同品种、不同活力种子、不同测试时间和不同人员操作的条件下，种子发芽检测结果的稳定性。结果表明，玉米和小麦种子适宜的喷淋间隔分别为3和4 h，喷淋发芽法检测到的种子发芽势、发芽率或简易活力指数(SVI)与卷纸发芽法检测结果无显著差异，但带菌率显著降低(P<0.05)，该方法不必对种子提前消毒，发芽期间水势稳定。多时间点、多人验证结果均表明，喷淋发芽法的检测结果稳定一致，任意2次试验间的差距均在国家种子检测规程允许的误差范围之内。

Abstract:

In order to improve the stability of seed germination test result, two maize varieties(‘Zhengdan 958' and ‘Nongda 87')and two wheat varieties(‘Jimai 22' and ‘Shannong 21')were taken as experimental materials in this study. A spraying germination box including 3×2 spraying heads, plastic hoses, water pumps and timers was designed. None sterile seeds were put in the germination box, water pump sprayed at a fixed time and each time sprayed a total of 1. 9 L water by 6 sprinkler heads. Firstly, the appropriate spraying intervals for maize and wheat seeds were selected. The stability of seed germination test results were then analyzed under different conditions, such as different varieties, different seeds vigor, different testing time points and different operating personnel. The results showed that maize and wheat seeds should be sprayed every three and four hours, respectively. Compared with a rolling paper germination method, the germinative force, germination percentage or simply vigor index(SVI)of spraying germination method displayed no significant differences, but had much lower bacteria carrying rate(P<0. 05). In conclusion, the spraying germination method avoided the sterilization process and kept the stability of water potential during germination period. The germination testing results of different testing time points, different operators showed that the spraying germination method could supply more stable and consistent results. The difference between any two tests was within the error range of the national seed testing regulations.