中国农村宅基地资源时空分布及利用特征

Spatial and temporal distribution and utilization characteristics of rural homestead resources in China

关键词:  农村宅基地  农村宅基地总量估算方法  户均宅基地面积  宅基地闲置比例

Key words:  rural homestead  estimation method of total amount of rural homestead  per household homestead area  idle proportion of homestead

摘要:

为了解目前中国农村宅基地资源基本状况，以2009年来可获得的农村居民点面积、村庄现状用地面积等官方统计数据为基础，构建农村宅基地总量估算方法，测算分析2009—2019年中国农村宅基地资源空间分布、变化趋势及利用特征等。结果表明:1)中国农村宅基地总量在933.98万~1 194.13万hm²，其中，村庄>集镇，东部>西部>中部>东北，且省(自治区、市)间差异明显；2)宅基地总量呈现先增后降趋势，其中，集镇增速>村庄，西部增速>东部>中部>东北，省(自治区、市)差异显著，未来在经济因素、管理因素和规划因素多重影响下，预计将保持下降态势；3)超占和闲置是现有农村宅基地利用的明显特征，农民认知不清晰、规划与管理不到位、农村人口流动加剧等是其主因。未来可通过构建完善的宅基地统计与监测体系等，加强对农村宅基地资源监控与管理，为宅基地制度改革目标的实现提供基础数据支撑。

Abstract:

To understand the basic situation of rural homestead resources in China, based on the available official statistical data of rural residential area and current land use area of villages from 2009, this study constructs the estimation method of total amount of rural homestead resources, focuses on the analysis of spatial distribution, change trend and utilization characteristics of rural homestead resources in China from 2009 to 2019. The results show that: 1)The total amount of rural homestead in China is about 9. 339 8 million-11. 941 3 million hm². The total amount of rural homestead area of village is higher than that of marketing town, and that is East area>West area>Middle area>Northeast area. The differences among provinces are obvious. 2)The total amount of rural homestead keeps increasing first and then decreasing, and the growth rate of total homestead in marketing town is higher than that of village. The overall situation is West area>East area>Middle area>Northeast area. In the future, under the multiple influences of economic factors, management factors and planning factors, it will maintain a downward trend; 3)Over occupation building and idle rural homestead are two important characteristics of homestead utilization, and the main reasons are the unclear cognition of farmers, inadequate planning and management and the aggravation of rural population flow. In the future, the monitoring and management of rural homestead resources can be realized through the construction of homestead statistics and monitoring system, so as to provide basic data support for the goal of homestead system reform.