大豆联合收获机气力卸粮装置的设计与试验

Design and experiment of the pneumatic grain unloading device of soybean combine harvester

关键词:  大豆  联合收获机  卸粮  气力输送

Key words:  soybean  combine harvester  grain unloading  pneumatic conveying

摘要:

针对现阶段大豆联合收获机传统螺旋运输器卸粮过程中籽粒破碎率较高的问题，设计一种大豆联合收获机气力卸粮装置。以叶轮转速、风机转速、卸粮软管内径为试验因素，破碎率及卸粮效率为试验指标进行三因素三水平响应面试验。结果表明:3个因素对破碎率影响程度的主次顺序为，风机转速、叶轮转速、卸粮软管内径，对卸粮效率影响程度的主次顺序为，叶轮转速、卸粮软管内径、风机转速；通过多目标参数优化分析得到适合气力卸粮的工作参数为，叶轮转速15 r/min、风机转速3 166 r/min、软管内径100 mm，此时破碎率为1.49%，卸粮效率1.3 L/s。该装置能有效降低联合收获机卸粮过程对大豆造成的损伤。

Abstract:

A pneumatic unloading device of soybean combine harvester was designed to solve the problem of high grain crushing rate in the unloading process of traditional screw conveyor of soybean combine harvester. Three factors and three levels response surface tests were carried out. The rotate speed of impeller, rotate speed of fan and unloading hose inner diameter were taken as test factors and the crushing rate and unloading efficiency were test indexes. The results showed that: The influential level of the three factors on crushing rate in descending order was the rotate speed of fan, rotate speed of impeller and unloading hose inner diameter and on grain unloading efficiency in descending order was the rotate speed of impeller, unloading hose inner diameter and rotate speed of fan. Through multi-objective parameter optimization analysis, the working parameters suitable for pneumatic grain unloading were the rotate speed of impeller 15 r/min, rotate speed of fan 3 166 r/min, unloading hose inner diameter 100 mm. Under this condition, the average value of crushing rate and unloading efficiency were 1. 49% and 1. 3 L/s, respectively. In conclusion, the pneumatic unloading device effectively reduced the damage to soybean caused by the unloading process of combine harvester.