不同来源鸡粪有机肥对西瓜-青贮玉米产量、品质的影响及效益分析

Effects of different organic chicken manure fertilizers on the yield and quality of watermelon-silage maize and benefit analysis

关键词:  鸡粪  有机肥  西瓜  青贮玉米  生长  产量  品质

Key words:  chicken manure  organic fertilizer  watermelon  silage maize  growth  yield  quality

摘要:

针对当前鸡粪利用率较低的问题，以施用无机复合肥为对照，比较施用3 种不同来源鸡粪有机肥(自制有机肥T1、进口有机肥T2、国产有机肥T3)对一年两熟种植模式中西瓜和青贮玉米的生长、产量、品质及土壤理化性质的影响，并计算经济效益。结果表明:1)施用该3 种有机肥均可显著提高西瓜叶片SPAD值，其中以T2对其营养生长的促进作用最佳，可显著提高西瓜的主蔓长及分枝数；2)T1及T3显著提高了西瓜感官品质，T2提高了西瓜中心可溶性固形物含量；3)施用该3 种有机肥均可显著提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，其中T2显著降低了土壤pH；4)施用该3 种有机肥均可显著提高青贮玉米株高、绿叶数及鲜草产量，提高粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量及相对饲喂价值，降低其酸性洗涤纤维及中性洗涤纤维含量；5)T1和T3可提高经济效益，其中T1提升幅度最大，达21.42%。综上，自制有机肥较其他2种商品肥更有优势可作为当地的推广用肥。

Abstract:

In view of the problem of low utilization rate of chicken manure, the effects of applying three different chicken manure fermented organic fertilizers(Homemade organic fertilizer(T1), imported organic fertilizer(T2)and domestic organic fertilizer(T3))on the growth, yield, quality of watermelon and silage maize and physicochemical properties of soil were investigated in this study. An inorganic compound fertilizer was used as control group. Their economic benefits were also estimated. The results showed that: 1)Three organic fertilizers significantly increased the SPAD value of the leaves of watermelon. Among them, T2 had the best promoting effect on the growth of watermelon, and it significantly increased the length of main vine and their number of branches. 2)T1 and T3 significantly improved the sensory quality of watermelon while T2 significantly increased the central soluble solids. 3)The application of these three fertilizers significantly increased the content of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of soil, among them, T2 significantly reduced soil pH. 4)The application of these three fertilizers significantly increased the plant height, number of green leaves and fresh grass yield of silage maize. The contents of crude protein, crude fat and relative feeding value were increased while the contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were reduced. 5)T1 and T3 could improve economic efficiency, of which T1 had the largest increases and increased by 21. 42%. In conclusion, the homemade organic fertilizer had more advantages than the other two kinds of organic fertilizers and it could be used as the local promotion fertilizer.