陕西省土地利用与生态系统服务价值动态研究

Study on the dynamics of land use and ecosystem services value in Shaanxi Province

关键词:  陕西省  土地利用变化  生态系统服务价值  社会经济

Key words:  Shaanxi Province  land use change  ecosystem service value  social economy

摘要:

为研究陕西省土地利用及生态系统服务价值时空演化，从而为陕西省土地和生态可持续发展提供重要决策依据。基于1980、1990、2000、2010和2018年卫星遥感土地利用解译数据，借助生态系统服务价值动态评估模型，运用土地利用变化动态度、敏感性指数、生态经济协调度等方法，分析了1980—2018年陕西省土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空演化特征，以及生态系统服务价值与社会经济发展之间的相关性和协调度。结果表明:1)陕西省1980—2018年，林地、草地、建设用地面积增加，而耕地、水域、未利用地面积呈减少趋势。各地类的变化速度和幅度差异明显，且不同地类之间转移频繁；2)近40 年陕西省生态系统服务价值总量增加了590.94 亿元，呈现波动上升的变化趋势，林地产生的生态系统服务价值最大，支持功能和调节功能的生态系统服务价值远大于供给功能和文化功能的生态系统服务价值；3)1980—2018年陕西省生态环境和经济发展整体处于低度协调状态，须加强生态环境保护力度，从而提高生态经济协调度。

Abstract:

To provide an important decision basis for the sustainable development of land and ecology in Shaanxi Province, the spatial-temporal evolutions of land use and ecosystem service values are explored. Based on the interpretation data of satellite remote sensing land use in 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2018, the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecosystem service values in Shaanxi Province from 1980 to 2018 are analyzed by using ecosystem service value dynamic evaluation model and land use change dynamics index, sensitivity index, eco-economic harmony index. The correlation and coordination between ecosystem service values and socio-economic development are investigated. The results show that: 1)From 1980 to 2018, the area of forest land, grassland and construction land increased, while the area of cultivated land, water area and unused land decreased. The change speed and amplitude of each type of land use are obviously different, and the transfer between different land use types is frequent; 2)Over the past 40 years, the total value of ecosystem service in Shaanxi Province has increased by 59. 094 billion yuan showing a trend of fluctuations increasing. The value of ecosystem services generated by forest land is the largest, and the value of ecosystem services of supporting and regulating functions is much greater than the of supply and cultural functions; 3)From 1980 to 2018, the overall eco-environment and economic development of Shaanxi Province are in a low degree of coordination. Therefore, more attention should be paid to strengthen the protection of eco-environment and improve the degree of eco-economic coordination.