62份从美国引进高粱不育系种质能源相关产量和品质性状评价

Identification and evaluation of germplasm of 62 sorghum sterile lines introduced from America based on yield and quality traits for energy utilization

关键词:  能源高梁  生物产量  生育期  品质性状  可溶性糖  木质纤维素  灰分

Key words:  energy sorghum  biomass yield  growth period  energy quality traits  soluble sugar  lignocellulose  ash

摘要:

为提高能源高粱品种改良效率，以62份美国高粱不育系为试验材料，采用完全随机区组设计，在半干旱(山西省介休市)和半湿润(河北省涿州市)气候条件下种植，测定其产量和品质等10个能源利用相关性状。结果表明:62份不育系生物产量和可溶性糖含量的遗传变异较大，介休市和涿州市试点生物产量的变异系数分别为34.4%和38.1%，可溶性糖含量的变异系数分别为21.8%和36.7%。而纤维素、半纤维素和木质素以及灰分的含量变异幅度较小，在介休市和涿州市试点分别为5.5%~9.1%和5.9%~8.9%。环境对不育系生育期、茎粗、生物产量、可溶性糖、纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和灰分的影响起主导作用。对介休市试点材料主成分分析将产量及品质相关性状聚合为株高因子、碳水化合物因子和生育期因子等3个主成分，而对涿州市试点材料聚为株高因子和碳水化合物因子2个主成分。可将山西省介休市和河北省涿州市不育系种质均聚为3大类群。高粱植株高大和碳水化合物含量高意味着更适合用作生产能源的原料，是能源高粱育种时应重点关注的性状。不育系‘AMP428’和‘AMP469’在2个试点均表现出较高的能源潜力为适应性广的优良高产亲本；介休市和涿州市试点能源潜力较高的亲本分别为‘AMP443’、‘AMP468’、‘AMP480’、‘AM 488’和‘AMP438’、‘AMP459’、‘AMP466’、‘AMP470’和‘AMP 472’。

Abstract:

To promote the efficiency of energy sorghum variety improvement, a total of 62 sorghum sterile lines introduced from America were taken as study material. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design at Jiexiu, Shanxi(semi-arid climate)and Zhuozhou, Hebei(semi-humid climate)to select the elite sterile lines based on 10 traits including biomass yield and quality traits for energy utilization. The results showed that there were larger coefficient of variation in biomass yield with value of 34. 4% at Jiexiu and 38. 1% at Zhuozhou. The variation of soluble sugar of sorghum was 21. 8% at Jiexiu and 36. 7% at Zhuozhou site, while the variations of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash were relatively low. Variance analysis showed that the growth period, stem diameter, biomass yield, soluble sugar, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash of the sterile lines were mainly affected by environment. The yield and quality traits of sorghum sterile lines were clustered into three principal components, which were plant size factor, carbohydrate factor and growth period factor at Jiexiu and two principal components, which were plant size factor and carbohydrate factor at Zhuozhou. The results of cluster analysis indicated that the germplasms in both Jiexiu and Zhuozhou could be clustered into 3 groups. Overall, when it comes to select elite sterile lines for bioenergy, plant size and soluble sugar are favorable traits that should be paid more attention to. The sterile lines ‘AMP 428' and ‘AMP 469' are regarded as the best parents for bioenergy due to its high energy potential and stability in both test sites. The sterile lines ‘AMP 443', ‘AMP 468', ‘AMP 480', ‘AMP 488' and ‘AMP 438', ‘AMP 459', ‘AMP 466', ‘AMP 470', ‘AMP 472' are considered as promising parents at Jiexiu and Zhuozhou, respectively.