农户兼业、农业机械化与规模经营决策——基于江西省种植户调研

Farmer's concurrent business, agricultural mechanization and management scale decision: Based on a survey of growers in Jiangxi ProvinceLIU Hui, WENG Zhenlin*

关键词:  农户兼业  机械化投入  经营规模

Key words:  farmer concurrently  mechanized inputs  scale of operations

摘要:

为探讨人力与机械投入对农户经营规模决策意愿的综合影响，基于江西省1 080户水稻种植户调研数据，用有序logistic模型实证检验了不同兼业程度下机械化投入给水稻种植农户规模决策意愿带来的差异化影响。结果表明:1)稻农兼业对农户扩大经营规模意愿呈消极影响；2)就兼业程度较低的纯农户和一兼农户来看，机械化生产程度越高越倾向于扩大经营规模；3)相反，二兼农户和非农户等兼业程度较高的农户并不倾向于提高机械化投入来维持或扩大现有水稻生产经营规模，且二兼农户的不种倾向行为表现显著。因此，健全社会化机械生产服务体系，鼓励小农扩大经营规模、深化农业分工的同时，注重合理引导兼业程度高农户退出土地经营权和水稻经营，是我国推进农业适度规模经营的可能方向。

Abstract:

In order to explore the comprehensive impact of human and mechanical investment on farmers' willingness to make decisions on the scale of operation, this study empirically tests the inpact of different mechanical investment levels on farmers' willingness to make decisions on the scale of rice cultivation under different concurrent jobs with an ordered logistic model based on the survey data of 1080 rice growers in Jiangxi Province. The results show that: 1)The loss of labor caused by rice farmers' part-time work has a general negative impact on the farmers' willingness to expand their business scale; 2)From the perspective of pure farmers and farmers with a low degree of part-time work(Multiple occupations farmers typeⅠ), the higher the level of mechanized production, the more stronger of the farmers' intention to expand the scale of operations; 3)On the contrary, farmers who have higher degree of part-time employment(Multiple occupations farmers typeⅡ)or non-farmers, do not intend to increase mechanized inputs to maintain or expand the scale of existing rice production and operation, and the non-propensity behavior of secondary farmers is significant. Therefore, while improving the socialized machinery production service system and encouraging small scale farms to expand the scale of operation and deepen the division of labor in agriculture, it is an important measure to promote the moderate scale management of agriculture in China to reasonably guide farmers to transfer resources from rice management.