典型季节大跨度非对称塑料大棚内温光性能分析

Analysis on temperature and light variation properties of large-span asymmetric plastic greenhouses in typical seasons

关键词:  塑料大棚  大跨度  非对称  温度  光照强度

Key words:  plastic greenhouse  large-span  asymmetric  temperature  light intensity

摘要:

为提高塑料大棚的保温和采光性能，同时筛选适合设施作物周年生产的大棚类型，设计并选用5种大跨度非对称塑料大棚：17 m跨度单层（FG-17-1）、双层（FG-17-2），18 m跨度单层（FG-18-1）、双层（FG-18-2），20 m跨度单层（FG-20-1）非对称塑料大棚，以传统塑料大棚（G-8-1）和日光温室（CSG）为对照，对典型季节的棚内温度和光照环境进行测试和分析。结果表明：FG-18-2全年最低温度均较高，春秋季在13.0℃以上，仅比CSG低0.5℃左右，较G-8-1高4.0℃左右；冬季最低气温为4.2℃，较CSG低2.1℃，较G-8-1高16.3℃，无极端低温，保温性能较好，能够保证作物正常生长的温度环境，避免低温伤害。FG-18-2棚内光照强度较高，冬季弱光季节较G-8-1高47.86%~64.62%，南北跨度方向光照分布差异较小，采光性能较好，能够满足设施作物生长所需的光照要求。综上，FG-18-2棚内无极端低温情况，南北跨度方向光照分布相对均匀，保温性能和采光性能较好，更适合在设施作物周年生产中推广和应用。

Abstract:

In order to improve the heat preservation and lighting performance of plastic greenhouse and select suitable greenhouse type for annual production of greenhouse crops,this study designed and selected five large span asymmetric plastic greenhouses,namely 17 m span single-layer (FG-17-1) and double-layer plastic greenhouse (FG-17-2),18 m span single (FG-18-1) and double-layer plastic greenhouse (FG-18-2) and 20 m span single-layer plastic greenhouse (FG-20-1),to measure and analyze the temperature and light environment of typical weather and be compared with traditional arch plastic greenhouse (G-8-1) and Chinese solar greenhouse (CSG) as the control.The results showed that:The minimum temperature of FG-18-2 was higher throughout the year,and the spring and autumn season were above 13.0℃,which were only about 0.5℃ lower than CSG and about 4.0℃ higher than G-8-1;Its minimum temperature in winter was 4.2℃,2.1℃ lower than CSG,16.3℃ higher than G-8-1.With no extreme low temperature,high thermal insulation performance,FG-18-2 could ensure the normal growth of crops temperature and soil temperature,free from low temperature damage.The light intensity in FG-18-2 greenhouse was 47.86%-64.62% higher than G-8-1 in winter.The north-south direction of light was relatively uniform,and the lighting performance was better,which could meet the lighting requirements for the growth of crops.In conclusion,there is no extreme low temperature or high temperature in the FG-18-2,small difference between the north-south span direction of light,best thermal insulation performance and better lighting performance,which is more suitable for promotion and application in the annual production of facility crops.