蚯蚓粪和菌渣对羊草草原土壤养分及酶活性的影响

Effects of sputum and slag on soil nutrients and enzyme activities in Leymus chinensis steppe

关键词:  羊草草原  有机肥  蚯蚓粪  菌渣  土壤养分  土壤酶活性

Key words:  Leymus chinensis  organic fertilizers  sputum  slag  soil nutrient  soil enzyme activity

摘要:

针对天然羊草草原退化打草场问题，采用单因素随机区组试验设计，共7个处理组，每个处理设置3个重复：对照组为不施肥处理组（CK）；3个蚯蚓粪处理组分别为45（QYh）、30（QYm）和15 t/hm²（QYl）；3个菌渣处理组分别为45（JZh）、30（JZm）和15 t/hm²（JZl）。结果表明：1）0~10 cm土层中QYh处理下的土壤pH和速效磷含量显著增加，JZh处理下速效钾含量较CK显著增加；10~20 cm土层中在QYh处理下速效氮、速效钾和全钾含量较CK显著增加，其余处理间土壤养分不显著；2）土壤脲酶活性各处理间变化不显著；蔗糖酶活性在QYm处理下较对照显著降低24.35%；在QYh和JZh处理的土壤中碱性磷酸酶活性较对照增加。3）表层土碱性磷酸酶活性与有机质呈显著正相关；10~20 cm土层中过氧化氢酶活性与土壤pH值呈极显著正相关，与速效钾呈显著正相关，与全钾呈极显著负相关；20~30 cm土层中脲酶活性与速效钾呈极显著负相关，蔗糖酶活性与速效氮含量呈显著正相关，碱性磷酸酶活性与速效钾呈极显著正相关，与pH呈显著正相关，过氧化氢酶活性与速效钾含量呈显著正相关。4）土壤酶活性随土壤剖面深度增加而降低。综上，蚯蚓粪和菌渣对羊草草原土壤养分和酶活性有积极影响，蚯蚓粪和菌渣高施肥量处理对土壤养分及酶活性影响较大。

Abstract:

In view of the problem of grassland degrading in natural Leymus chinensis,single factor randomized block design was adopted in this study.A total of 7 treatments with three replicates were as follows:No fertilization treatment was taken as the control group (CK);Three sputum treatments were respectively 45 t/hm² (QYh),30 t/hm² (QYm) and 15 t/hm² (QYl);Three slag treatments were respectively 45 t/hm² (JZh),30 t/hm² (JZm) and 15 t/hm² (JZl).The results showed that:1) pH and available P of QYh treatment increased significantly in 0-10 cm soil layer,and the available K of JZh treatment increased significantly compared to the control.The available N,available K and total K increased significantly under QYh treatment in 10-20 cm soil layer,while no significant soil nutrients differences were found in the remaining treatments.2) No significant changes were discovered in the urease activity between treatments.The sucrose activity was significantly decreased by 24.35% under QYm treatment compared to the control.The alkaline phosphatase activity increased under QYh and JZh treatment compared to control,there was no significant difference in the catalase activity.3) The alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with organic matter in surface soil.The catalase activity was significantly positively correlated with soil pH,positively correlated with available K,and significantly negatively correlated with total K in 10-20 cm soil layer.The urease activity and available K were significantly negative correlated,sucrose activity and available N were significantly positive correlated,alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly positively correlated with available K,and positively correlated with pH,catalase activity was significantly positively correlated with available K in 20-30 cm soil layer.4) Soil enzyme activity decreased with increasing depth of soil profile.In conclusion,the application of slag and sputum manure displayed positive effect on the soil nutrient and enzyme activities in the Leymus chinensis steppe,and the impact of 45 t/hm² sputum manure or 45 t/hm² slag was the greatest.