| 摘要: |
| 果园秸秆覆盖机的研制实现了果园行间秸秆机械化覆盖，为旱区果园土壤增碳、保墒和秸秆肥料化利用提供了新装备。但果园秸秆覆盖存在火患和秸秆因风雨集堆的缺陷。为配合果园秸秆覆盖机实现同步覆土功能，提出一种对抛式覆土设计方案，其核心部件是两个相向安装的抛土轮；对抛土轮进行了设计，采用EDEM仿真软件，分析了抛土轮入土深度、转速、抛土角对覆土效果的影响规律；在自行研制的试验台架上对单个抛土轮进行了抛土覆土试验。试验结果表明：抛土轮覆土宽度152.3～251.3 cm，覆土厚度10.4～18.3 mm，覆土厚度标准差1.4～4.1 mm，漏盖率为0，符合果园秸秆层薄土盖压作业要求；建立了覆土厚度、宽度模型，其决定系数分别为0.943 6和0.932 2，可用来调整覆土宽度和厚度。本研究可用于指导双向对抛式覆土装置的设计。 |
| 关键词: 果园秸秆覆盖 抛土轮 覆土 厚度 宽度 EDEM仿真 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S23 |
| 基金项目:公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201503137）；杨凌示范区科技计划项目（2018GY-09）；陕西省重点研发计划项目（2018ZDCXL-N-19-1）；陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019NY-165） |
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| Design and test of soil throwing wheel of orchard straw mulching machine |
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ZANG Jiajun, Xinhua 1,2, XU Shaojie3
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1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A &2.F University;3.CASIC Second Research Institute 801 Factory
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| Abstract: |
| The development of orchard straw mulching (OSM) machine realized the mechanization of inter-row straw mulching in orchards, and provided new orchard equipment for soil increasing carbon, moisture conservation and fertilizer utilization of straw residues. However, the orchard straw mulch takes risk of fire hazard, and has some defects, such as straw pileup due to wind or rain. In order to realize the synchronous soil-covering function of the OSM machine, a double-direction soil throwing-covering scheme, with two throwing wheels installed in opposite directions as key components, was proposed. EDEM simulation software was used to analyze the influence law of trenching depth, speed and throwing angle of the throwing wheel on soil cover effect. The field soil covering tests were carried out with a single soil throwing wheel on a self-developed test bench. The results show that the soil covering width was within 152.3~251.3 cm, the thickness was within 10.4~18.3 mm, the standard deviation was within 1.4~4.1 mm, and the miss rate was 0, which can meet the requirements of soil covering of orchard straw mulch layer. The thickness and width models of the soil cover, with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.943 6 and 0.932 2, respectively, were established, which are helpful to adjust the width and thickness of soil covering layer. The research can be used to guide the design of double-direction soil throwing-covering machine. |
| Key words: orchard straw mulching soil throwing wheel soil covering thickness width EDEM simulation |
