60Co-γ辐射诱变对无花果插条萌芽的影响

Effect of 60Co-γ irradiation mutagenesis on the bud breaking of fig (Ficus carica L.) cuttings

关键词:  ⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变  剂量效应  无花果  绿枝插条  硬枝插条

Key words:  ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation mutagenesis  dose effect  Ficus carica L.  young shoot cuttings  hardwood cuttings

摘要:

为探讨⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变处理对无花果一年生枝和不同成熟度绿枝插条萌芽的影响，以3个无花果品种‘117D’、‘青皮’和‘110C’的硬枝插条和2个无花果品种‘108B’和‘110C’的绿枝插条为试材，对硬枝插条和绿枝插条分别设定160和200 J/kg的最大辐射剂量，采用半量法设置剂量递减梯度，⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射诱变处理后，对硬枝插条和绿枝插条分别进行常规扦插和水培，对插条的萌芽情况进行观察和统计。结果表明：3个品种的硬枝插条在160 J/kg的辐射剂量处理条件下全部死亡；不同品种硬枝插条对80和40 J/kg的辐射剂量处理，萌芽率具有显著差异，其中‘117D’对辐射剂量的耐受度最高，而‘青皮’的耐受度最低。绿枝插条在辐射剂量200 J/kg条件下，‘108B’和‘110C’均全部死亡；而100和50 J/kg辐射剂量的绿枝插条的成熟度与辐射剂量的耐受度呈负相关性，且‘108B’绿枝插条对辐射剂量的耐受度高于‘110C’。进一步地观测表明，辐射处理导致无花果硬枝和绿枝插条萌芽和生根延迟。无花果硬枝插条适宜的⁶⁰Co-γ辐射诱变处理剂量为40~80 J/kg；绿枝插条的适宜剂量在50~100 J/kg；不同无花果品种对⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐射的敏感性不同。

Abstract:

To explore the effect of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation mutagenesis on bud breaking of fig one-year-old canes and young shoots of different maturation level,the one-year-old hardwood of three fig cultivars ‘117D’,‘Green Peel’ and ‘110C’,and the young shoots of two fig cultivars ‘108B’ and ‘110C’ were used as the materials.The highest dose of ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation were set at 160 J/kg for hardwood cuttings and 200 J/kg for young shoots,bisection decrease was used to make a ladder of irradiation doses.After the treatment the hard wood cuttings were soil rooted and the young shoot cuttings were put in a hydroponic container.The bud breaking rate of the cuttings was observed and calculated.The result showed:Under the dose of 160 J/kg irradiation,all the hardwood cuttings of the three cultivars were died;while very significant difference on cutting bud breaking rates were found between 40 and 80 treatment and among different cultivars.Among the three cultivars,‘117D’ demonstrated the highest tolerance to the irradiation,while ‘Green Peel’ showed the lowest tolerance;For the young shoot cuttings,‘108B’ and ‘110C’ cultivar were all died under 200 J/kg irradiation in regardless their maturation level.Very significant difference on bud breaking rate was revealed with irradiation doses of 50 and 100 J/kg and among three levels of shoot maturation levels revealing that the maturation level of young shoot cuttings was negatively correlated with the irradiation dose tolerance.The tolerance of ‘108B’ young shoot cuttings was higher than that of ‘110C’ cultivar.Further observations demonstrated that irradiation treatments led to delayed bud breaking and repressed root formation of cuttings.In conclusion,for bud mutagenesis irradiation treatment,the suitable ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation dose to fig hardwood cuttings was between 40-80 J/kg; for the young shoots,the suitable dose was between 50-100 J/kg;and different fig cultivars display different sensitivity to ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation.