锡林郭勒草原放牧蒙古牛肉质特性研究

Characteristics of Mongolia beef quality in Xilinguole Grassland

关键词:  蒙古牛  西门塔尔牛  肉品质  矿物质

Key words:  Mongolia cattle  Simmental cattle  meat quality  minerals

摘要:

为研究锡林郭勒草原蒙古牛肌肉肉质特性，选择内蒙古锡林郭勒草原全年放牧蒙古牛和西门塔尔牛各8头，屠宰后采集背最长肌肌肉进行肉品质及矿物质含量分析。结果表明：1）蒙古牛肌肉中的肌肉红度a^*、黄度b^*、系水率、熟肉率、剪切力、干物质、灰分显著高于西门塔尔牛（P<0.05），而失水率、pH显著低于西门塔尔牛（P<0.05），肉中亮度、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪虽然高于西门塔尔牛，但差异不显著（P > 0.05）。2）蒙古牛矿物质元素Ca、P、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Se含量显著高于西门塔尔牛（P<0.05），Mg、K含量显著低于西门塔尔牛（P<0.05），虽然Mo含量蒙古牛高于西门塔尔牛，但差异不显著（P > 0.05）。综上，蒙古牛肌肉肉质特性比西门塔尔牛好，肉中所含矿物质大多比西门塔尔牛高，所以具有更好的食用、加工潜力。

Abstract:

In order to study the muscle meat quality of Mongolia cattle in Xilinguole Grassland,eight Mongolia cattle and eight Simmnetal cattle in Xilinguole Grassland were selected as study objects.The longissimus dorsi muscle of slaughtered cattle was collected for muscle meat quality analysis and mineral content measurement.The results showed that:1) The muscle redness a^*,yellowness b^*,water holding ratio,cooked meat rate,shear force,dry matter and ash in Mongolia cattle muscle were significantly higher than those in Simmental cattle (P < 0.05).The drip loss rate and pH were significantly lower than those of Simmental cattle (P < 0.05).Although the brightness,crude protein and crude fat in meat were higher than those in Simmental cattle,there were not significant differences (P > 0.05).2) The contents of mineral elements,Ca,P,Cr,Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn and Se,in Mongolia cattle were significantly higher than those in Simmental cattle (P < 0.05).The Mg and K contents were significantly lower than those in Simmental cattle (P < 0.05),while Mo content in Mongolia cattle was higher than that in Simmental cattle,the difference was not significant (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the Mongolia beef had better muscle quality and a higher mineral content than Simmental beef.It had better edible and processing potential.