绿豆主要株型性状的遗传

Genetic analysis of main plant type characters in mung bean

关键词:  绿豆  株型  混合遗传模型  遗传分析

Key words:  mung bean  plant type  mixed inheritance modal  genetic analysis

摘要:

为探索绿豆主要株型性状的遗传规律，进而为选育株型紧凑的直立型绿豆品种提供理论依据，以半蔓生型品种‘洮绿218’和直立型品种‘吉绿10号’为亲本配制杂交组合，采用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对该组合6世代遗传群体（P₁、P₂、F₁、F₂、B₁和B₂）株高、分枝数、主茎节数和分枝夹角进行遗传分析。结果表明：株高、分枝数和分枝夹角均受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性多基因控制（E-1模型），其中，控制株高的2对主基因加性效应值均为7.27，显性效应分别为0.03和-0.13，主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为59.35%、8.23%和41.45%，多基因遗传率分别为2.40%、0%和0%；控制分枝数的2对主基因加性效应值均为0.33，显性效应分别为-0.74和-1.55，主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为3.26%、7.69%和53.10%，多基因遗传率分别为51.39%、56.36%和0%；控制分枝夹角的2对主基因加性效应值均为2.10，显性效应分别为-0.94和-1.38，主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为48.11%、32.45%和64.54%，多基因遗传率均为0%。主茎节数的最适宜模型为D-0模型（1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合遗传模型），主基因加性效应值和显性效应值分别为0.10和-0.01，主基因遗传率在B₁、B₂和F₂中分别为1.39%、1.27%和0.63%，多基因遗传率分别为65.39%、10.81%和47.08%。综合表明，‘洮绿218’ב吉绿10号’组合的分枝数和分枝夹角的总遗传率较大，应在早世代进行选择；株高和分枝夹角主要受主基因控制，分枝数和主茎节数大部分世代主要受多基因控制；在绿豆株型育种中要综合考虑主基因、多基因和环境因素的影响。

Abstract:

In order to provide a theoretical basis for breeding erect varieties of compact plant type,the main plant type characters in mung bean were explored.Six generations (P₁,P₂,F₁,F₂,B₁ and B₂) produced from a cross between semi-erect variety Taolyu 218 and erect variety Jilyu 10 were used to analyze inheritances of plant height (PH),number of branches (BN),node number of main stem (MSNN),and branch angle (BA) by the mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model.The results showed PH,BN,and BA were dominated by two pairs of major gene with additive-dominance-epistasis effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis (E-1 model).The additive effects of the two major genes of PH were both 7.27,and the dominance effects of the two major genes were 0.03 and -0.13,respectively,the heritability in B₁,B₂,and F₂ was 59.35%,8.23%,and 41.45%,respectively for the major genes,and 2.40%,0%,and 0%,respectively for the polygenes.The additive effects of the two major genes of BN were both 0.33,and the dominance effects of the two major genes were -0.74 and -1.55,respectively.The heritability of major genes in B₁,B₂,and F₂ were 3.26%,7.69%,and 53.10%,and were 51.39%,56.36%,and 0%,respectively for the polygenes,respectively.The additive effects of the two major genes of BA were both 2.10,and the dominance effects of the two major genes were -0.94 and -1.38,respectively.The heritability of major genes in B₁,B₂,and F₂ was 48.11%,32.45%,and 64.54%,respectively.The heritability for polygenes was 0%.MSNN was dominated by a pair of major gene with additive-dominant effects plus polygenes with additive-dominance-epistasis effects (D-0 model).The additive and dominant effects of major gene of MSNN were 0.10 and -0.01.The heritability for major gene in B₁,B₂,and F₂ were 1.39%,1.27%,and 0.63%,and were 65.39%,10.81%,and 47.08% for polygenes,respectively.It was found that BN and BA with high total heritability in ‘Taolyu 218’בJilyu 10’ should be selected in early generation.PH and BA were mainly dominated by major genes,and BN and MSNN were mainly dominated by polygenes.The roles of major genes and polygenes,and environmental conditions should be comprehensively considered in plant type breeding of mung bean.