绿豆荚果发育及籽粒灌浆特性

Pod development and grain filling characteristics of mung bean

关键词:  绿豆  荚果发育规律  灌浆特性  相关性分析

Key words:  mung bean  pod developmental rules  filling characteristics  correlation analysis

摘要:

为探明绿豆开花后荚粒生长发育规律及籽粒灌浆和物质积累特性，以‘西绿1号’和‘安绿7号’绿豆品种为试验材料，对开花后绿豆荚色、粒色、荚长、荚宽、荚体积、籽粒体积、荚粒数、荚壳鲜重、荚壳干重、百荚鲜重、百荚干重、百粒鲜重和百粒干重等性状的变化进行测定，分析绿豆荚果发育过程中荚壳和籽粒干物质分配以及籽粒灌浆速率变化，用Logistic方程拟合灌浆过程，并进行相关性分析。结果表明：绿豆籽粒形成过程中，荚色从深绿色转为绿色再转为黑色，粒色从透亮青绿色到嫩绿色再到深绿色；荚长和荚宽为先增长后基本保持平稳的趋势，荚体积和籽粒体积的变化趋势均为先增长后下降再趋于平缓；籽粒含水量呈不断下降趋势，荚壳干物质分配指数不断降低，籽粒干物质分配指数不断增大，籽粒灌浆速率呈慢-快-慢的单峰曲线变化，在开花后15 d左右达到峰值，灌浆过程符合Logistic方程。相关性分析表明，绿豆百粒干重与百荚干重呈极显著正相关，百粒鲜重与籽粒体积呈极显著正相关，与荚宽、荚体积、荚壳干重呈显著正相关，与荚粒数呈显著负相关；百粒干重与最大灌浆速率呈极显著负相关，与平均灌浆速率呈显著负相关，与生长活跃期呈极显著正相关。因此，绿豆育种中应选育大荚品种，栽培中注重花后15 d前后的肥水供应，以保证籽粒灌浆饱满，实现高产优质。

Abstract:

In order to ascertain the growth and development of pods and the characteristics of grain filling and material accumulation after mung bean flowering,this study used mung bean cv.‘Xilv 1’ and ‘Anlv 7’ as tested materials.The color of pod and seed,length of pods,width of pods,volume of pods,grain volume,grain number,fresh weight of pod shell,fresh weight per hundred pod,dry weight per hundred pod,fresh weight of one hundred and dry weight per hundred were measured.The changes of dry matter distribution and grain filling rate of pod shell and grain during the development of mung bean pod were analyzed using Logistic Equation to fit grouting process and correlation analysis was conducted.The results showed that in the process of mung bean grain formation,pod color changed from dark green to green to black,and the color of seed changed from translucent turquoise to tender green to dark green.The pod length and pod width increased first and then kept steady.The trend of pod volume and grain volume increased first and then decreased and finally stabilized,the grain water content decreased continuously,and the pod shell dry matter distribution index decreased while the dry matter partitioning index of grain increased continuously,the grain filling rate changed slowly-fast-slowed and reached the peak value about 15 days after flowering.The grouting process was in line with Logistic equation.Correlation analysis showed that there were a extremely significant positive correlation between 100-grain dry weight of mung bean and 100-pod dry weight,a extremely significant positive correlation between 100-grain fresh weight and grain volume,and a significant positive correlation with pod width,pod volume and pod shell dry weight,and a significant negative correlation with pod number.The 100-grain dry weight and maximum grain filling rate displayed extremely significant negative correlation.A significant negative correlation with the average filling rate and a significant positive correlation with the active growth period were discovered.Therefore,mung bean breeding should adopt varieties of large pods,pay attention to the supply of fertilizer and water around 15 days after flowering in order to ensure grain's full filling and finally achieve high yield and quality.