施用生物炭对华北平原冬小麦土壤水分和籽粒产量的影响

Effects of biochar on soil water and grain yield of winter wheat in the North China Plain

关键词:  华北平原  生物炭  土壤含水量  水分利用效率  籽粒产量

Key words:  North China Plain  biochar  soil water content  water use efficiency  grain yield

摘要:

为探究施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤水分和冬小麦籽粒产量的影响，于2014-2017年在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设置施用生物炭7200（BH）、3600（BM）、1800（BL）和0 kg/hm²（CK）4个处理。结果表明：与CK处理相比，BH、BM和BL处理3年平均增产分别为1.84%、7.28%和5.03%，并且降低了耗水量，水分利用效率分别提高5.96%~14.86%、9.42%~19.18%和5.96%~13.50%。同时施用生物炭增加了土壤含水量，与CK处理相比，土壤上层0~60 cm BM处理增幅最大；中层60~120 cm和下层120~200 cm均为BL处理增幅最大（P<0.05）。综上所述，施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量和籽粒产量。统计分析表明，当施炭量分别为3389~3882和3500~4 357 kg/hm²，0~60 cm土层土壤含水量和籽粒产量均最高，且0~60 cm土层土壤含水量与籽粒产量间存在显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）。因此，施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量，降低水分消耗，提高冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率，在本试验条件下以施用3000~4500 kg/hm²为宜。

Abstract:

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of biochar on soil water and grain yield of winter wheat under wheat-maize cropping system in the North China Plain.Four treatments,including 7200 (BH),3600 (BM),1800 (BL) and 0 (CK) kg/hm² biochar addition rates,were conducted during 2014-2017 at Wuqiao Experimental Station of China Agricultural University,Hebei Province.The results showed that:Compared with the CK,BH,BM and BL increased the grain yield of winter wheat by 1.84%,7.28% and 5.03% on average for 3 years,respectively.In addition,additionial biochar reduced the water consumption and improved the water use efficiency by 5.96%-14.86%,9.42%-19.18% and 5.96%-13.50%,respectively.The application of biochar also increased the soil water content.Compared with the CK,the increase amplitude of BM was the largest in the upper layer of 0-60 cm.The increase amplitude of BL was the largest in the middle layer of 60-120 cm and the lower 120-200 cm,respectively (P<0.05).In summary,biochar addition can increase soil water content and grain yield.Statistical analysis showed that the soil water content and grain yield were the highest under 3389-3882 kg/hm² and 3500-4357 kg/hm² biochar addition rates,respectively.Moreover,there was a positively significant correlation between soil water content of 0-60 cm soil layer and grain yield (P<0.05).Therefore,the application of biochar not only increased soil water content and reduced water consumption,but also increased grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat.Application of 3000-4500 kg/hm² biochar under the conditions of this experiment was optimal.