福建与台湾渔业国际竞争力及其影响因素比较研究——兼论自贸区背景下闽台渔业合作的政策选择

Comparative analysis on fishery international competitiveness and its influential factors: Discussion on the cooperation countermeasures between Fujian and Taiwan under the background of China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone

关键词:  渔业  区域国际竞争力  闽台  两岸合作  福建自贸区

Key words:  fishery  international competitiveness  Fujian and Taiwan  cross-straits cooperation  China (Fujian) Pilot Free Trade Zone

摘要:

运用国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数和贸易竞争力指数等3个指标对福建与台湾水产品的国际竞争力进行了测定；以农业区位理论及波特的"国家钻石"模型为依托，结合渔业的实际情况，构建渔业国际竞争力影响因素的理论模型，并对闽台渔业国际竞争力进行实证分析；在福建自由贸易区背景下，提出闽台渔业合作的政策选择。结果表明：1）福建的渔业国际竞争力不断提升，而台湾则不断下降，福建渔业国际竞争力要强于台湾。2）人力资本的匮乏阻碍了福建渔业国际竞争力的提升。3）台湾渔业国际竞争力的提升则受到渔业生产要素、渔业生产结构、岛内居民需求以及人力资本等因素的制约；其中，生产结构问题是台湾渔业突破瓶颈的关键，但自然资源的匮乏是阻碍台湾渔业生产结构调整的主要原因。4）在福建自贸区背景下，提出鼓励台湾渔业企业到福建投资、扩大ECFA早收清单的水产品范围、建立闽台渔业人力资本共同培养机制以及共同投资开发海外渔业市场等渔业合作的政策思考。

Abstract:

The geographical location and phonological conditions of Fujian and Taiwan are similar. But their international competitiveness of fishery is different due to different resource endowment and development model between them. By means of Market Share, Revealed Comparative Advantage and Trade Competitiveness Index, this study comparatively analyzed the change of the international market competition in aquatic product of Fujian and Taiwan Province. Using Agricultural location theory and "National diamond model" theory as guide, the international competitiveness influencing factors of Fujian and Taiwan are then empirically analyzed by principal components regression by Principal Component Regression (PCR). On the background of the Fujian Free Trade Area, some policy recommendations of fisheries cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan province are put forwarded in this study at last. The result show that:1) The competitiveness of fishery in Fujian is continuously enhancing while it is declining in Taiwan. Fujian is higher than Taiwan in competitiveness of fishery; 2) Human capital hinders enhancement of international competitiveness of fishery in Fujian. 3) Among the primary factors of production, industrial structure, the internal market demand and human capital hinders enhancement of international competitiveness of fishery in Fujian, industrial structure of fishery is the key to improve the fishery international competitiveness in Taiwan. The main obstruction of adjusting structure is the scarcity of nature resources in Taiwan. 4) Some policy recommendations are put forwarded in this study, which are encouraging Taiwan fishery enterprises to invest in Fujian, increasing the aquatic products in product list under the early harvest in ECFA, establishing the fishery personal training mechanism in cooperation and jointly investing and developing oversea fishery markets.