我国生猪养殖业生产效率的影响因素研究——基于自繁自养型养猪场户的调研数据

Influencing factors on production efficiency of pig breeding industry in China: Based on farrow-to-finish pig farms' survey data

关键词:  生猪  自繁自养  生产效率  影响因素  稳健OLS回归

Key words:  pig  farrow-to-finish  production efficiency  influencing factor  robust OLS regression

摘要:

为识别生猪生产效率提升的有效路径，在厘清生产效率影响因素作用机理的基础上，以河北、辽宁、北京自繁自养型养猪场户调研数据为依据，采用稳健OLS回归对我国生猪养殖业生产效率的影响因素进行了实证研究。结果表明：1）提高场主受教育水平、加强养殖技术培训、推进专业化和规模化养殖、重视养殖环境控制和疫病防控能显著促进生猪生产效率提升，而自配饲料、自繁母猪的要素投入方式和养殖雇工会产生效率损失；2）目前生猪养殖组织化程度普遍偏低，且合作组织因社会化服务体系构建尚不健全还无法有效发挥作用；3）与北京相比，河北和辽宁养猪场户在生产效率及种养结合方面均具有比较优势，但辽宁养猪场户在养殖规范性上仍有更大改进空间。据此提出应加快构建生猪产业职业教育体系、发展适度规模家庭农场、提高养殖标准化水平、推进生猪产业社会化服务体系建设、疏解约束发展区劣势生猪产能而着重发展重点发展区和潜力增长区等政策建议。

Abstract:

In order to identify an effective way to improve the pig production efficiency, based on clarifying the mechanism of the influencing factors of production efficiency, this study conducted an empirical analysis of farrow-to-finish pig farms in China using robust OLS regression and the survey data of Hebei, Liaoning and Beijing. The results showed that:Improving pig farmers' education, strengthening the technology training, promoting the specialization and scale, emphasizing the control of breeding environment and the epidemic disease would promote the pig production efficiency significantly. However, the way of self-made feed, self-produced sow and hire labor would cause loss of production efficiency. The organization level of pig breeding was generally low at present, and cooperative organizations couldn't play an effective role because the construction of social service system was still imperfect. Compared with Beijing, Hebei and Liaoning had comparative advantages in production efficiency and combination of planting and breeding, but Liaoning still has much room for improvement in standardization. In conclusion, it should speed up the construction of vocational education system of pig industry, develop family farms in appropriate scale, improve the standardization level, promote the construction of social service system of pig industry, reduce the disadvantages pig capacity in restricted development regions, and focus on the key development and potential growth regions.