农户土地经营权流转意愿的决定:成本收益还是政策环境?——基于小农户和种粮大户分化视角

Determinants of farmers' willingness in circulation of land management right: Cost benefit or policy factors? From the perspective of small farmers and large grain-planting farmers differentiation

关键词:  土地流转意愿  成本收益  政策环境  小农户  种粮大户

Key words:  Land circulation willingness  cost-benefit  policy environment  small famers  large grain-planting farmers

摘要:

为探索何种因素对不同规模经营主体的土地经营权流转意愿发挥更为关键的作用，本研究基于安徽、江西、湖北、湖南4省926个水稻种植户的微观调查数据，在OLS模型基础上采用优势分析法，比较成本收益和政策环境2个维度变量对小农户及种粮大户土地流转意愿的相对重要性。结果表明：种稻顷均收入对小农户和种粮大户转入土地意愿均有积极促进作用，而顷均成本仅对种粮大户土地流转意愿产生显著负向影响，此外，政策环境类变量中，仅粮食最低收购价政策满意度对小农户土地流转意愿产生正向影响，而政府对粮食种植的支持力度、农机具购置补贴政策满意度及粮食最低收购价政策满意度均对种粮大户转入土地有促进作用；对于小农户，其土地经营权流转意愿主要受家庭人力资本禀赋的影响，具体表现在家庭农业劳动力人数及家庭农业收入占比是最为关键的影响因素；对于种粮大户，其土地经营权流转意愿主要受其感知的农业政策环境的影响，其中，农机具购置补贴政策和粮食最低收购价政策影响作用相对较大。

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to explore factors playing more critical roles in the willingness of the transfer of land management rights of different scale operator. Based on the microeconomic survey data of 926 rice growers in four provinces of Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and Hubei and the OLS model, advantage analysis method is applied to compare the relative importance of two dimensions variables of cost & income variables and policy variables to the willingness of land circulation of small farmers and large grain-planting farmers. The results show that income per unit of land promotes small and large farmers to purchase more land. But the cost per unit of land has a significant negative impact on large farmers' will to purchase more land. Besides, only the satisfaction of minimum grain purchase price policy among the governmental factors has a positive influence on small farmers' will to get more land, and both the governmental support for grain planting and the subsidy for agricultural machine have a positive influence. As for small farmers, the will of famers to transfer land management right is mainly affected by the human capital in the family, mainly reflected by the fact that the proportion of agricultural labor and the agricultural income are the key factors. As for the large grain-planting farmers, the will to transfer management right is mainly influenced by how he feels about the agricultural policy environment, among which the subsidy for machines and minimum grain purchase price policy have more significant influence relatively.