石家庄市栾城区农地经营规模与农业生产效率的关系

Study on the relationship between farmland scale operation and agricultural production efficiency in Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang City

关键词:  农地经营规模  农业生产效率  DEA-Tobit  影响因素

Key words:  operation of farmland  scale agricultural production efficiency  DEA-Tobit  influencing factors

摘要:

基于河北省石家庄市栾城区农户调研数据，运用DEA-Tobit模型探究不同类型农户农业生产效率及其影响因素。结果表明：1）从总体上看，随着农业经营规模的增大，单位面积均资本投入和均毛收入增加，而单位面积均劳动力投入和均净收入减少，说明扩大耕地经营规模在一定程度上促使土地由劳动力密集型生产方式向资本密集型生产方式转变。2）不同种植类型的规模效应呈现出不同的规律：粮食作物和核桃在中等规模型（0.67~3.33 hm²）生产效率最高，而草坪种植则在小规模型（0~0.67 hm²）生产效率最高。3）影响不同种植类型的生产效率的主要因素不同：户主受教育程度、劳动力数量与粮食作物、草坪生产效率均呈显著正相关；是否从事其他工作与粮食作物、草坪生产效率均呈显著负相关性；化肥农药投入与粮食作物生产效率呈负相关性，与草坪生产效率呈正相关性；年龄对草坪、粮食作物生产效率影响均不显著。因此，适当推动土地流转、确定合理的生产规模、加大农业先进技术投入等有利于农业生产效率的提高。

Abstract:

Based on the survey data of households in Luancheng District, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, the agricultural production efficiency and its influencing factors among different types of farmers are investigated by using DEA-Tobit model. The results show that:1) With the increase of scale, the capital input and gross profit per mu increase while labor input as well as net income per mu decrease. It indicates that expanding the scale of cultivated land business leads to more capital-intensive farmland from labor-intensive farmland to some extent. 2) The effects of scale effects on different crops are different. The medium-sized (0.67-3.33 hm²) households have the highest production efficiencies of cereals and walnut, while the small-scale (0-0.67 hm²) households have the highest production efficiency of lawn. 3) For different crops, factors affecting production efficiency are totally different. The education level and labor force are significantly and positively correlated with their production efficiencies of cereals and lawn, while non-agriculture work lead to lower production efficiencies of cereal and lawn. Fertilizer and pesticide inputs increase cereal production efficiency, but decrease lawn production efficiency; There is no significant relationship between age and crop production efficiencies. In conclusion, appropriate land transfer promotion, suitable production scale, agricultural technology increasing would lead to the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.