柿雄花表型及花粉形态多样性研究

Study on the male flower phenotype and pollen morphology diversity of persimmon

关键词:  柿  雄性种质资源  表型多样性  花粉形态

Key words:  persimmon  male germplasm resources  phenotype diversity  pollen morphology

摘要:

为填补目前关于柿资源描述标准中关于雄性资源表型形态描述的空白，为后续柿雄性种质资源的评价和鉴定，以及新品种的选育提供理论依据，对93份柿及其近缘种雄性种质资源的13个雄花表型形态特征及花粉形态特征进行评价，并对其多样性进行分析。结果表明：1）柿与其近缘种在最长雄蕊长、萼片长和花柄长等指标上存在显著差异；2）柿种内各类别内部雄花表型均存在较强变异，云架山野生雄性资源雄花的表型多样性最丰富；3）柿种内各类别间雄花表型变异程度也较强，其中萼片宽、花托高和花托宽等指标的变异程度最大；4）花筒、雄蕊、萼片、花托等指标的贡献率达77.88%，属于柿雄花表型的重要性状指标；5）花粉表面纹饰的长短、深浅和交错程度在柿及其近缘种间存在差异；柿种内29份资源间花粉长存在显著性差异（P<0.05），花粉宽和表面条纹长存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）。结论：柿雄性资源雄花表型丰富多样，各来源地内部及来源地之间均存在显著差异，对其表型形态特征的评价与分析，对于后续柿雄性资源的评价与利用具有重要指导意义。

Abstract:

In order to fill current gaps existed in the description of phenotypic patterns of male resources in persimmon resource descriptive criteria and provide theoretical basis for the evaluation and identification of male perennial persimmon germplasm resources, as well as the new varieties, 13 phenotype indexes of male flower and the pollen morphology of 93 resources were surveyed to analyze the phenotype diversity among persimmon and its related species. The results showed that:1) There were significant differences between persimmon and its related species on the longest stamen length, sepal length and pedicel length of male flower;2) There were strong phenotypes variations within various sources and types, especially male wild resources in ‘Yunjiashan’;3) Phenotypes variations were also found among the persimmon male resources from various sources and types, for which the variations of sepal widthreceptacle height and width were highest;4) The contribution rate of cylinder, stamens, sepals and receptacle were 77.88%, indicating that these were important traits for comprehensive evaluation of the persimmon male resources;5) The length, depth, and interlacing of the pollen surface stripes were different among persimmon and its related species. Besides, there were significantly different (P<0.05) in pollen length between 29 persimmon resources, while those were very significant differences (P<0.01) in both pollen width and surface stripe length. In conclusion, the phenotype of male resources in persimmon was rich and varied, and there were significant differences within various sources and types, and also among the persimmon male resources from various sources and types.