饲养方式和密度对爱拔益加肉鸡生产性能、肉品质及应激的影响

Effects of rearing system and stocking density on the growth performance, meat quality and stress response of Arbor Acres broilers

关键词:  爱拔益加肉鸡  饲养方式  饲养密度  生产性能  肉品质  免疫应激

Key words:  Arbor Acres broilers  rearing system  stocking density  growth performance  meat quality  immune stress

摘要:

为探讨饲养方式和饲养密度对爱拔益加肉鸡生产性能、肉品质及应激反应的影响，本研究设置2种饲养方式（网上平养和笼养）和2个饲养密度（14和10只/m²），采用2×2因子设计，共分4个处理组进行研究。结果表明：1）饲养密度和饲养方式对肉鸡耗料增重比有极显著的互作效应，网上平养低密度组耗料增重比极显著高于笼养高、低密度组，网上平养日采食量极显著高于笼养，日增重和平均体重显著高于笼养；2）网上平养肉鸡胸肌率、腿肌率显著高于笼养，胸肌和腿肌剪切力极显著高于笼养，胸肌滴水损失显著高于笼养。低密度组肉鸡腿肌pH₂₄极显著高于高密度组；3）笼养肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）显著高于网上平养，高密度组T-AOC显著低于低密度。网上平养血浆白细胞介素-6（IL-6）显著高于笼养。饲养方式和饲养密度对肉鸡血浆肌酸激酶（CK）的互作效应显著。笼养高、低密度组CK显著低于网上平养高密度组。综上，14只/m²饲养密度虽然对肉鸡生产性能没有显著影响，但是增加了肉鸡氧化应激反应；网上平养肉鸡在生长性能和产肉性能方面优于笼养，但在肉品质、耗料增重比、免疫应激和抗氧化方面较差。

Abstract:

A 2×2 factor experiment was conducted to explore the effect of rearing system and stocking density on the growth performance, meat quality and stress response of Arbor Acres broilers. The broilers were arranged in two rearing systems:Battery rearing and net rearing and two stocking densities (10 and 14 broilers per m²). The results showed that:1) The feed/gain of broilers in net rearing of low stocking density group was significantly higher than those in battery rearing in high stocking density and low stocking density. The average daily feed intake of broilers in net rearing was significantly higher than those in battery rearing. The daily gain and the average weight of broilers in net rearing were significantly higher than those in battery rearing. 2) The breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate of broiler in net rearing was significantly higher than those in battery rearing. The breast muscle and leg muscle shear force of broilers in net rearing was significantly higher than those in battery rearing. The breast muscle drip loss of broilers in net rearing was significantly higher than those in battery rearing. The leg muscle pH₂₄ of broilers with low stocking density was great significantly higher than those with high stocking density. 3) The T-AOC, GSH-PX of broilers in battery rearing was significantly higher than those in net rearing, the T-AOC of broilers with high stocking density was significantly lower than those with low stocking density. The IL-6 of broilers in net rearing was significantly higher than battery rearing. Rearing system and stocking density had significant effect on CK. The CK of broilers in battery rearing with high and low stocking density was significantly lower than those in net rearing with high stocking density. In conclusion, the stocking density of 14 birds per m² had no significant effect on the production performance, but increased oxidative stress response. The growth performance and meat production performance of broilers in net rearing were better than those in battery rearing, but the meat quality, feed to gain ratio, immune stress and antioxidant were relatively poor.