种植密度对“蜀彩花1号”多彩花生发育性状及产量的影响

Effect of planting density on the development characters and yield of Shucaihua 1 colored peanut in Western Sichuan Plain

关键词:  蜀彩花1号  多彩花生  种植密度  茎秆性状  生殖生长  产量  川西平原

Key words:  Shucaihua 1  colored peanuts  planting density  stem traits  reproductive growth  Yield  Sichuan Western Plain

摘要:

为研究在川西平原种植密度对"蜀彩花1号"多彩花生茎秆性状、生殖生长、产量及其构成因素的影响。以白底黑纹多彩花生"蜀彩花1号"为试验材料，设置4.5万，6.0万，7.5万，9.0万和10.5万穴/hm²共5个梯度密度的试验处理，结果表明：随着种植密度的提高，花生主茎长度和侧枝长度显著增加，主茎直径、茎粗系数、单株果实数、单株鲜果重、下针数、经济系数、百果重、百仁重和单株产量显著下降。群体产量呈先升高，后降低的变化趋势，在6.0万穴/hm²处群体产量达到最大值，与4.5万穴/hm²相比，6.0万穴/hm²群体产量显著提高14.64%。相关性分析显示，"蜀彩花1号"多彩花生的种植密度除与主茎长度呈正相关外，与其他茎秆性状、产量的主要指标均呈负相关，进一步证明结果可靠性。综上所述，种植密度是影响"蜀彩花1号"多彩花生茎秆性状、生殖生长和产量的重要因素之一，适当的种植密度可显著增加彩色花生的群体产量、经济系数，最终提高其产量和经济效益。

Abstract:

To study the effects of planting density on the stem characters, reproductive growth, yield and components of Shucaihua 1 colored peanut in Western Sichuan Plain, a field plot experiment of five planting density treatments (4.5×10⁴,6.0×10⁴,7.5×10⁴,9.0×10⁴ and 10.5×10⁴ hole/hm²) was conducted. The results showed that:With the increase of planting density, the main stem length and lateral branch length increased significantly. The stem diameter, stem diameter coefficient, pod number, pod weight, needle number, economic coefficient, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight and yield decreased significantly. The group yield increased first and then decreased. At the group yield of planting density 6.0×10⁴ hole/hm² reached the maximum, compared with that of plant density 4.5×10⁴ hole/hm², increased by 14.64%. Correlation analysis showed that the planting density of Shucaihua 1 colored peanut was positively correlated with the main stem length and negatively correlated with other main indicators of stem traits and yield. It was concluded that the planting density was one of the most important factors influence the characteristics, reproductive growth and yield of colored peanut. Appropriate planting density could significantly increase the group yield and economic coefficient of colored peanut, and finally improve its yield and economic benefit.