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水稻产量对川西平原基础肥力和施肥的响应
郑盛华, 陈红琳, 朱孟琦, 沈学善, 陈尚洪, 张楚儿, 刘定辉
四川省农业科学院 土壤肥料研究所/农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室, 成都 610066
摘要:
为探明川西平原水田两熟区水稻产量对土壤基础肥力和施肥的响应,进一步指导水稻合理施肥和土壤培肥,2016—2017年通过在四川省绵竹市高、中、低产田水稻施肥和不施肥对比试验,研究基础肥力和施肥对水稻产量的影响。结果表明:试验点基础肥力贡献率为高产田 > 中产田 > 低产田,2016年平均基础肥力贡献率分别为84.5%、75.7%和72.5%,2017年分别为85.0%、80.7%和70.6%。水稻常规施肥产量与基础肥力产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。相同施肥水平下,各田块水稻增产幅度均表现为低产田 > 中产田 > 高产田。常规施肥下,2016年高、中和低产田平均增产19.3%、34.1%和40.0%;2017年平均增产为17.9%、24.6%和43.3%。连续不施肥处理下,各试验点基础肥力产量呈下降趋势,平均下降幅度达14.4%。有效穗数和千粒重是引起产量差异的主要因素。川西平原水稻基础肥力贡献率随基础肥力升高而升高,肥料贡献率则随基础肥力升高而降低。针对不同基础肥力合理施肥是保障水稻高产稳产的重要因素。该研究为川西平原水田两熟区不同基础肥力下水稻合理施肥提供参考依据。
关键词:  水稻  基础肥力  施肥  生长动态  产量
DOI:10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2018.12.02
分类号:
基金项目:农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503122-13);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD03017)
Responses of rice yields to basic soil fertility and fertilization in Western Sichuan Plain
ZHENG Shenghua, CHEN Honglin, ZHU Mengqi, SHEN Xueshan, CHEN Shanghong, ZHANG Chuer, LIU Dinghui
Soil and Fertilizer Institute/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Southwest Mountain Areas of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
Abstract:
To provide a method for reasonable fertilization and soil fertility improvement, the responses of rice yields to soil basic fertility and fertilization were studied in double-cropping paddy fields of Western Sichuan Plain of China, in order. Two-year field trails were conducted to investigate the effects of basic fertility and fertilization on the yields of rice by comparing the fertilization and non-fertilization of rice in high, medium and low yield fields in Mianzhu City, Sichuan Province. Two-factor randomized block design was used in the trial. The main factor was basic fertility, and the secondary factor was fertilization treatment, with 3 repetitions per treatment. The results showed:The contribution rates of basic fertility in descending order was high yield fields > medium yield fields > low yield fields. The average contribution rates of basic fertility were 84.5%, 75.7% and 72.5% in 2016, and 85.0%, 80.7% and 70.6% in 2017, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between the conventional fertilization and basic fertility (P<0.01). Under the same fertilization, growth rate of yields showed low yield fields > medium yield fields > high yield fields. Under the conventional fertilization, the average yield of high, medium and low yield fields increased by 19.3%, 34.1%, 40.0% in 2016, and 17.9%, 24.6%, 43.3% in 2017, respectively. Furthermore, under continuous non-fertilization, the base yields showed an average decline of 14.4%. Effective spike and 1 000-grain weight were the main factors of yield difference. The contribution rate of basic fertility increased with the increase of basic fertility, and the contribution rate of fertilizer decreased with the increase of basic fertility, in the trails of western Sichuan Plain. Consequently, rational fertilization under different base fertility was an important factor to ensure high and stable rice yields. This study provided references for rational fertilization under different base conditions in the paddy fields of Western Sichuan Plain.
Key words:  rice  basic fertility  fertilization  growth dynamics  yield
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