秦巴山区主要农作物肥料投入现状评估分析

Fertilizer application analysis for main crops in Qin-Ba mountain area

关键词:  秦巴山区  农作物  NPK化肥  厩肥

Key words:  Qin-Ba mountain area  crops  NPK mineral fertilizer  manure

摘要:

为了解秦巴山区主要农作物肥料投入现状及存在问题,加强秦巴山区农业面源污染管理、指导农户科学合理施肥。连续3年 在秦巴山区对该区域主要农作物的施肥现状进行调查分析。结果表明,秦巴山区主要农作物平均化肥氮投入量为173.9 kg/hm²,通过有机肥投入的氮远远小于化肥氮,仅为7.2 kg/hm²。平均化肥磷投入量为67.8 kg/hm²,通过有机肥投入的磷为0.9 kg/hm²。化学钾肥平均投入量为30.9 kg/hm²,有机肥提供的钾养分为4.3 kg/hm²。其主要农作物氮、磷、钾肥养分总投入量中,N:P₂O₅:K₂O为1:0.38:0.20。不同作物比较,油菜平均产量为2 440.5 kg/hm²;其氮磷钾化肥平均投入量分别为153.2、50.2和18.6 kg/hm²;有机肥提供的氮磷钾养分分别为6.7、0.8和6.8 kg/hm²。水稻平均产量为8 424.4 kg/hm²;其氮磷钾化肥平均投入量分别为194.6、60.2和27.8 kg/hm²;有机肥提供的氮磷钾养分分别为7.6、1.1和1.5 kg/hm²。

Abstract:

Qin-Ba mountain area is the main region of rice and rape production in Shaanxi Province.This paper aims at understanding the current situation of fertilization and the problems of fertilizer management for the main crops and then putting forward countermeasures to solve the problems.Around 556 farmers were involved in the investigation of crop yield, fertilizer and others from 2012 to 2014.The results revealed that the average rate of N fertilizer was (N) 173.9 kg/hm², (N) 7.2 kg/hm² from manure, The rates of P and K fertilizer were (P₂O₅) 67.8 kg/hm² and (K₂O) 30.9 kg/hm², (P₂O₅) 0.9 kg/hm² and (K₂O) 4.3 kg/hm² from manure respectively.The ratio of N:P₂O₅:K₂O was 1:0.38:0.20.The average yield of rapeseed was 2 440.5 kg/hm².And the fertilizer rates were (N) 153.2 kg/hm², (P₂O₅) 50.2 kg/hm² and (K₂O) 18.6 kg/hm², (N) 6.7 kg/hm², (P₂O₅) 0.8 kg/hm² and (K₂O) 6.8 kg/hm² from manure respectively.The average yield of rice was 8 424.4 kg/hm².The fertilizer rates were (N) 194.6 kg/hm², (P₂O₅) 60.2 kg/hm² and (K₂O) 27.8 kg/hm², (N) 7.6 kg/hm², (P₂O₅) 1.1 kg/hm₂ and (K₂O) 1.5 kg/hm² from manure respectively.It is thus evident that N input was excessive, but P, K and manure insufficient in Qin-Ba mountain area.