| 摘要: |
| 胚胎期毛囊的发生发育是决定毛囊数量、毛被类型和毛品质的关键阶段，挖掘该阶段的重要基因是育种工作者的重要内容之一。近年来，关于毛囊发生发育相关重要基因的鉴定方面有一定的研究进展，但由于毛囊结构复杂、细胞组成多样且细胞分化快等问题致使研究人员在完整毛囊细胞系的建立、主效基因的挖掘和基因功能的确定等方面进展缓慢。因此，了解毛囊的基本结构、发育过程以及在该过程中发挥重要作用的信号途径/基因，是解决以上问题关键所在。本文对哺乳动物毛囊形态结构及其在胚胎期发生发育过程（以小鼠为例）进行了系统的介绍，归纳总结了与毛囊发生发育相关的关键信号通路以及目前已发现的重要遗传因子。结果表明：1）胚胎期真皮成纤维细胞、上皮细胞可进一步分化为各类毛囊细胞，因此适时诱导/阻滞其分化是成功构建细胞群的关键。2）在毛囊发生发育调控过程中，同一信号通路中不同信号途径存在不同程度的偏向，如Wnt信号通路偏向于Wnt/β-catenin信号途径、Edar信号通路偏向于Eda-A1/Edar/Edaradd信号途径，而TGF-β/BMP信号通路则偏向于Smads依赖性信号途径。3）毛囊发生发育过程中涉及多条信号通路和多个遗传因子共同调控，其中Wnt、Edar信号是毛囊基板正常形成过程中不可或缺的信号通路，而TGF-β信号通路是毛囊各类细胞分化和毛囊向下生长过程关键信号通路之一。综上，对哺乳动物毛囊发生发育过程和机制有清晰地认识和理解，是进一步挖掘与毛囊发育相关重要基因的重要基础，其可为提高毛用型经济动物的生产性能提供重要理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 毛囊 发生发育 信号通路 非编码RNA |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.05.04 |
| 投稿时间：2023-08-10 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（32260816）；宁夏自然科学基金项目（2023AAC03898）；内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划支持（NMGIRT2322） |
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| Research progress on the regulatory mechanisms of follicle morphogenesis and development in mammals |
|
MA Rong1, DU Haidong2, CAO Yanlong2, ZHAO Zhanqiang2, SHANG Fangzheng1, WANG Ruijun1, ZHANG Yanjun1
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| (1.College of Animal Science/Key Laboratory of Mutton Sheep Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Goat Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction/Inner Mongolia University Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction/Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center for Goat Genetics and Breeding, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;2.Zhongwei Goat Breeding Farm, Zhongwei 755006, China) |
| Abstract: |
| The morphogenesis and development of embryonic hair follicle during embryonic stage is a crucial stage that determines the number of hair follicles， type and quality of hair follicles. Exploring the important genes in this stage is one of the important tasks for breeders. In recent years， there has been some research progress in the identification of important genes related to hair follicle development. However， due to the complex structure of the hair follicle， the variety of cellular composition and rapid cell differentiation， researchers have made slow progress in the establishment of a complete hair follicle cell line， the mining of the main gene， and the determination of the function of the gene. Therefore， understanding the basic structure of the hair follicle， its developmental process， and the signaling pathways/genes that play important roles in this process is the key to solving the above problems. In this paper， the morphological structure of the mammalian hair follicle and its developmental process during embryogenesis （taking mice as an example） were systematically introduced， and the key signaling pathways related to hair follicle morphogenesis and development as well as the important genetic factors that have been identified so far were summarized. The results showed that： 1）Embryonic dermal fibroblasts and epithelial cells can further differentiate into various types of hair follicle cells， so timely induction/inhibition of their differentiation is the key to successful construction of cell populations. 2） During the regulation of hair follicle genesis and development， different signaling pathways in the same signaling pathway have different degrees of bias， such as the Wnt signaling pathway being biased toward the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway， the Edar signaling pathway is biased toward the Eda-A1/Edar/Edaradd signaling pathway， and the TGF-β/BMP signaling pathway is biased toward the Smads-dependent signaling pathway. 3） Multiple signaling pathways and genetic factors jointly regulate the morphogenesis and development of hair follicles. Wnt and Edar signaling pathways are indispensable for the normal formation of hair follicle placode， while TGF-β signaling pathway is one of the key signaling pathways in the differentiation of various hair follicle cells and the downward growth of hair follicles. In conclusion， a comprehensive comprehension of the process and mechanism of mammalian hair follicle development is an important basis for further exploration of key genes related to hair follicle development， which can provide a crucial theoretical foundation for enhancing the production performance of hairy economic animals. |
| Key words: follicle morphogenesis and development signaling pathway non-coding RNA |
