| 摘要: |
| 为明确不同生态环境对华北夏谷区育成谷子品种营养成分及淀粉特性的影响，选用9个夏谷区代表性谷子品种，在辽宁朝阳、山东济南和海南三亚3个生态点种植，测定不同生态环境下谷子营养成分含量以及小米淀粉特性指标。结果表明：谷子营养成分含量在品种间、地点间以及互作间的差异均达到极显著水平。粗蛋白含量由高到低表现为朝阳>济南>三亚，呈现随纬度升高而增大的趋势。粗脂肪含量由高到低表现为三亚>济南>朝阳，呈现随纬度的升高而逐渐减小的趋势。济南试点的类胡萝卜素含量最高，与其他2个试点差异显著。总淀粉含量济南试点最高，随纬度变化规律不明显；直链淀粉含量由高到低表现为三亚>济南>朝阳，呈现随纬度的升高而逐渐减小的趋势；朝阳试点的淀粉支直比最高，趋势与直链淀粉表现相反。种植地点对淀粉RVA谱的7项特征值均存在极显著影响；品种、地点×品种对峰值时间的影响均未达到显著水平。热浆粘度、最终粘度以及消减值由高到低均表现为三亚>济南>朝阳，呈现随纬度的增加而降低的趋势。崩解值以及峰值粘度均以山东济南最高，随纬度变化规律不明显。种植地点和品种对谷子营养成分含量以及淀粉RVA谱特征值均有显著影响；种植地点对谷子蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉以及类胡萝卜素含量的影响都较大。高纬度有利于蛋白质的积累，而脂肪含量则随纬度的增加而降低。综上所述，谷子营养品质和淀粉特性受生态环境影响较大，因此，可以根据不同纬度谷子的营养及食味品质不同的特性筛选出适宜特定地区种植的优良谷子品种，便于划分各优质谷子品种的产区。 |
| 关键词: 谷子 营养成分 RVA谱 纬度 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.05.03 |
| 投稿时间：2023-12-04 |
| 基金项目:山东省农业良种工程（2021LZGC006）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-06-14.5-A19）；山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队专项（SDAIT-15-03）；国家自然科学基金（32301916） |
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| Effects of different ecological environments on the nutritional quality and starch characteristics of foxtail millet |
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QIN Ling1, CHEN Guoqiu2, CHEN Erying1, LI Feifei1, YANG Yanbing1, ZHANG Huidi1, LIU Zhenyu1, GUAN Yan’an1
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| (1.Crop Research Institute/Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Featured Minor Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;2.Liaoning Institute of Dryland Agriculture and Forestry in Arid Areas, Chaoyang 122000, China) |
| Abstract: |
| To clarify the influence of different ecological environments on the nutritional composition and starch characteristics of foxtail millet in the summer-sowing region of North China， nine foxtail millet varieties were selected as materials， and the changes of nutrient content and their effects on starch characteristics were studied at three different ecological environments in Chaoyang， Liaoning Province， Jinan， Shandong Province and Sanya， Hainan Province. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the nutrient content among varieties， environments and interactions. The crude protein content was the highest in Chaoyang， followed by Jinan and Sanya， showing an increasing trend with the increasing of latitude. The order of crude fat content from large to small was Sanya >Jinan >Chaoyang， showing a trend of decreasing with the increasing of latitude. The total starch content was the highest in Jinan， and the variation with latitude was not obvious. The order of amylose content from large to small was Sanya >Jinan >Chaoyang， showing a decreasing trend with the increase of latitude； The ratio of amylopectin to amylose was the highest in Chaoyang， and the trend was opposite to amylose. The carotenoid content was the highest in Jinan， which was significantly different compared with the other two sites. The 7 characteristic values of starch RVA spectrum were significantly affected by the planting environment. The influence of variety， location and variety interaction on peak time was not significant. The viscosity， final viscosity and subtractive value of thermo plasma were Sanya > Jinan > Chaoyang， showing a decreasing trend with the increase of latitude. The disintegration value and peak viscosity were the highest in Jinan of Shandong Province. The planting environment and variety displayed significant effects on the nutrient content and the characteristic value of starch RVA spectrum of millet. The cultivation environment significantly influenced the content of protein， fat， starch and carotenoid in foxtail millet. High latitude was beneficial to the accumulation of protein， while fat content decreased with the increase of latitude. In conclusion， the nutritional quality and starch characteristics of foxtail millet are greatly influenced by environmental effects. Therefore， according to the different characteristics of nutrition and taste quality of foxtail millet at different latitudes， the optimal variety suitable for planting in specific areas can be selected， and the producing areas of each high-quality varieties can be easily identified. |
| Key words: foxtail millet nutrient composition RVA spectrum latitude |
