| 摘要: |
| 针对鲜食玉米在云南省实际生产中遇到的品种杂乱、品质参差等问题，为了筛选出适合在洱海流域种植的高品质鲜食玉米品种，采用外观表现、食用品质、商品价值、基本营养品质等4个方面的34项指标，对14个品种鲜食玉米的栽种适用性和品质表现进行研究。结果表明：1）相同自然环境和农艺条件下，14个品种鲜食玉米的外观、食用、商品、营养等表观品质存在显著差异； 2）品质最佳的白色糯玉米品种为‘农科糯336’，其色泽明亮均匀，外观评分26.83，籽粒含水量69.7%、可溶性固形物含量15.75%，品尝评分54.2； 3）‘中彩糯518’是4个品种的彩色糯玉米中表现最好的，其穗长19.6 cm，秃尖0.36 cm，外观评分24.50，外观和商品品质相对较好； 4）在甜玉米品种中，‘瑞佳甜4号’品尝评分57.29，胚占比2.98%，可溶性固形物含量15.08%，品质优于‘昌甜100’； 5）‘农科玉336’为品质最优的甜加糯玉米品种，其外观评分26.33，品尝评分48.57，煮后硬度8.27×105 Pa，穗重258 g。 |
| 关键词: 鲜食玉米 品质评价 外观 食用品质 商品性 |
| DOI：10.11841/j.issn.1007-4333.2024.05.01 |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-16 |
| 基金项目:云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划（202202AE090034） |
|
| Apparent quality evaluation of several fresh corn varieties planted in Erhai River basin |
|
HUANG Yajue1, ZHOU Yefu2, YING Feiyu3, HU Xiaokang2, LIANG Jianfen1
|
| (1.College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering/Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources,China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;2.College of Agriculture and Biological Science/Co-Innovation Center for Cangshan Mountain and Erhai Lake Integrated Protection and Green Development of Yunnan Province, Dali University, Dali 671003, China;3.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China) |
| Abstract: |
| In Yunnan Province， there are some problems， such as variety confusion and quality difference in the actual production of fresh corn. In order to select the high-quality fresh corn varieties suitable for planting in Erhai Lake basin， 34 indexes including appearance， edible quality， commodity value and basic nutritional quality were used to study the planting suitability and quality performance of 14 fresh corn varieties in Yunnan Province.The results showed that：1） Under the same natural environment and agronomic conditions， the 14 fresh corn varieties had great differences in appearance， edible， commodity and nutrition qualities. 2） Nongkainuo 336， the best white waxy corn variety， was bright and uniform. The appearance score of Nongkainuo 336 was 26.83， the tasting score was 54.19， the water content was 69.7%， and the soluble solid content was 15.75%. 3） Among the 4 pigmented waxy corn varieties， the appearance score of the winning variety Zhongcainuo 518 was 24.50.Its ear length was 19.6 cm， ear barren tip was 0.36 cm， and appearance and commodity quality were relatively good. 4） The tasting score of Ruijiatian No. 4 was 57.29， the proportion of embryo was 2.98%， and the content of soluble solid was 15.08%. The quality of Ruijiatian No. 4 was better than that of Changtian 100. 5） Nongkenuo 336 was the best sweet-waxy corn variety with appearance score of 26.33， tasting score of 48.57， hardness of 8.27×105 Pa after cooking， ear weight of 258 g. |
| Key words: fresh corn quality evaluation appearance edible quality commerciality |
